Kit Catbury has decided to take a flight to visit her friends in New Zealand. Unfortunately, while on the plane for over 15 hours, the crazy cat lady that sat next to her decided to let Mr. Boots out of his carrier to stretch his legs. Suddenly, Mr. Boots got the "zoomies” and in the process scratched Kit Catbury. This scratch introduced Bartonella henselae, the bacteria responsible for cat scratch fever into her system!

Describe how his adaptive immune system would attempt to fight off a bacterial infection. In your description, you should include the barriers that are normally in place to fight off the bacteria (2 pts), how the bacteria is initially displayed to the adaptive immune system (2 pts for the cell that does it and 2 pts for the receptor used to display the antigen), the type of cell that recognizes this antigen (2 pts for the type of cell and 2 pts for the receptor(s) it uses to interact), how these cells can then activate other cells (2 pts), the cells they activate to fight off the bacterial infection(2 pts) and what they produce to help fight the infection (2 pts), and finally how those products help fight the bacteria (there can be multiple ways, provide one)(2pts). 2 pts for essay formatting, grammar, spelling.

Why is the highly branched structure of reticular fibers important to creating the function of loose connective reticular tissue?

1. Where are FSH and LH produced in males and females? Where do they go and act on (because these organs have their cognate receptors) in males and females?

In the absorptive state ____________.

1-All of these

2-the liver is decreasing its supply of stored glycogen

3-blood glucose concentrations are expected to be lower than the acceptable homeostatic range

4-the GI tract is active

3.

An individual who is XX, and secretes high testosterone levels from the adrenal glands during development, will have the following phenotype (morphology):

Select one:

a. testes and female-like genitalia

b. ovaries and male-like external genitalia, with only Wolffian duct differentiation

c. testes and male-like genitalia

d. ovaries and female-like genitalia

e. ovaries and partially masculinized external genitalia, with both Wolffian and Mullerian duct differentiation

4.

An individual who is XY, but does not produce 5 alpha reductase enzyme, will have the following phenotype (morphology):

Select one:

a. ovaries and female-like internal and external genitalia

b. testes and partially feminized external genitalia, with only Wolffian duct differentiation

c. testes and male-like external genitalia, with only Mullerian duct differentiation

d. testes and partially feminized external genitalia, with both Wolffian and Mullerian duct differentiation

e. ovaries at birth that become testes at puberty

what is the difference between:

metabolic and respiratory acidosis

metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

Which of the above would be caused by:

hypoventilation

hyperventilation

Structure of the Chamaeleon eye:

describe in detail important anatomical structures (including cells, tissues, and organs) of this sensory organ,

Describe the structural and functional changes that occur in the respiratory system in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Blood flow to the kidneys is typically 1,200 ml/min. Urine flow and glomerular filtration rates are 1.5 ml/min and 125 ml/min, respectively. [6 points] (a) What percentage of the blood entering the kidneys is filtered every minute? (b) What fraction of the total blood flow is filtered every minute? (c) About how long does it take to filter all the blood in the body if disease causes the glomerular filtration rate to decrease by a factor of two? What would be an adverse consequence of the lengthened filtration time?

Brachydactyly is a condition caused by an allele dominant to wild-type in humans, in which the fingers and toes are shortened. In a population of 10,000 people, 1,600 are BB, 4,800 are Bb, and 3,600 are bb.

A)What percentage of people in this population have short fingers and toes?

B)What is the frequency of the b allele?

C)Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

1.) The Biodex Balance System may be used to test or train balance.

True or False

2.) In general, health and fitness benefits increase as individuals increase either the amount or intensity of physical activity.  

True or False

3.) Because spirometry testing is effort dependent, a test administrator who can motivate the patient/client is essential to obtain valid and reliable results.  

True or False

4.) The variability between BIA analyzers is small so different analyzers may be used when tracking a client's body composition changes over time.  

True or False

Compare and contrast hippocampus, amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex in the following aspects:

a) Their neurocircuitries

b) Their associated behavior(s) and cognitive processes

c) How they adapt to environmental changes when the system is challenged (e.g., stress), and

d) What neurological / psychiatric disorders can exhibit defects in these systems?

What is the difference between ADH and blood pressure?.

2. What Physiological mechanisms by which plasma levels of the following are controlled: a. plasma pH levels b. plasma tonicity c. plasma glucose levels.