In: Anatomy and Physiology
What is the difference between primary and secondary pharmacological mediators in the type I hypersensitivity response? Name two of each.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1) Professor Wollschlager was rock climbing at Devil’s Tower in Wyoming. After a very successful climb to the top and back down, she was exhausted and slipped in the last 5 feet. When she hit the ground, a small, sharp twig was forced in between 2 vertebrae and was compressing part of her spinal cord on the left side. On her way to the ER, she noticed that she could no longer feel pain or temperature from specific areas AND she could not move some of her appendicular muscles in other areas. Being the professional that she is, she announced, ”Ha! I know what is wrong and which spinal tracts are affected!” The twig was removed and she made a full recovery. Which specific pathways were affected (2 pts)? What general areas (which side, above or below compression) of her body were pain/temperature lost (2 pts)? What general areas (which side, above or below compression) of her body were loss of appendicular muscle movement lost (2 pts)? How do you know where the loss is in each tract (2 pts)? Compare and contrast the two pathways that are affected by the compression (Note: Don’t restate things you already described in other questions above as repeating information doesn’t count) (2 points for one SPECIFIC similarity, 8 pts for four SPECIFIC differences) When comparing and contrasting, be careful not to count one difference as two. For example, if you are comparing two roses, they are similar in that they are roses and they are different in that they are different colors (one is white and the other is red). That is one similarity and one difference. Saying they are both flowers, is far too vague and NOT specific.Also stating that they are different colors, without explaining the color differences isn’t being specific. 2 pts for essay formatting, grammar, spelling.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Select the incorrect statement about ADH.
Select one:
a. It stimulates reabsorption of water
b. It is not secreted if the body consumes large amounts of water
c. It is secreted if the body fluids become hypertonic
d. It is produced by the distal tubule
e. It is also called vasopressin
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Discuss the function of central nervous system reflexes. Describe two brain and five spinal reflexes. Be sure to include their pathway and function.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
List and briefly describe two examples of specialization in the innate immune system and two examples of specialization in the adaptive immune system
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Describe the general anatomy and function of the somatic and autonomic efferent nervous systems. How are the functions of the two different from one another? What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? Describe the specific anatomy of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in term of the location of the preganglionic neuron, ganglia, and postganglionic neurons. What organ systems are stimulated by each; what organ systems are inhibited by each? What is the specific impact, if any, of each on the following organs: heart, lungs, small intestines, pancreas, liver, and kidneys?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Explain how all 3 GFR autoregulatory mechanisms combined would respond to a sudden increase in MAP (increase in GFR) to restore GFR. Note: some of these autoregulatory mechanisms might be activated, others inhibited.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Kit Catbury has decided to take a flight to visit her friends in New Zealand. Unfortunately, while on the plane for over 15 hours, the crazy cat lady that sat next to her decided to let Mr. Boots out of his carrier to stretch his legs. Suddenly, Mr. Boots got the "zoomies” and in the process scratched Kit Catbury. This scratch introduced Bartonella henselae, the bacteria responsible for cat scratch fever into her system!
Describe how his adaptive immune system would attempt to
fight off a bacterial infection. In your description, you should
include the barriers that are normally in place to fight off the
bacteria (2 pts), how the bacteria is initially displayed to the
adaptive immune system (2 pts for the cell that does it and 2 pts
for the receptor used to display the antigen), the type of cell
that recognizes this antigen (2 pts for the type of cell and 2 pts
for the receptor(s) it uses to interact), how these cells can then
activate other cells (2 pts), the cells they activate to fight off
the bacterial infection(2 pts) and what they produce to help fight
the infection (2 pts), and finally how those products help fight
the bacteria (there can be multiple ways, provide one)(2pts). 2 pts
for essay formatting, grammar, spelling.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Why is the highly branched structure of reticular fibers important to creating the function of loose connective reticular tissue?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Where are FSH and LH produced in males and females? Where do they go and act on (because these organs have their cognate receptors) in males and females?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In the absorptive state ____________.
1-All of these
2-the liver is decreasing its supply of stored glycogen
3-blood glucose concentrations are expected to be lower than the acceptable homeostatic range
4-the GI tract is active
In: Anatomy and Physiology