Consider the differences in homeostasis in the body for vitamins and minerals. How does the body control or regulate the amount of water soluble vitamins, like vitamin C, vs. a mineral such as iron. Give examples of factors that influence this. You can use iron or calcium as your mineral.

How does metabolic ratio determine the activity of CYTOCHROME P450?

If Substance X is administered at the same time as penicillin, the length of time the penicillin can be found in the blood of the patient is prolonged. Which of the following is the most likely reason why?

1.) Describe factors that may lead to changes in energy expenditure from a weight loss intervention.

2.) Explain how the body regulates food intake. Consider organs involved, signals sent, etc.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone secreted by the kidney that promotes the production of red blood cells. EPO works in a simple endocrine reflex and is secreted by the kidney. If the sympathetic nervous system were overactive for a long period of time, EPO levels would

Select one:

a. Fall

b. Rise

he ability to concentrate urine is tightly linked to the countercurrent system between nephron and blood vessels in the medulla. What predictions can you make about the concentration gradient if the system were concurrent? Please explain why you make these predictions

Many choice (choose 3): Imagine a drug that shuts down the glycolytic pathway. In this case Select one or more:

a. Acetyl CoA levels within cells would rise

b. Acetyl CoA levels within cells would fall

c. Ketoacids in the blood would rise

d. Ketoacids in the blood would fall

e. Blood pH would rise

f. Blood pH would fall

If blood pressure drops over a long period of time, fluid in the distal convoluted tubule would become Select one:

a. Concentrated b. Dilute

Question 55

Increased release of aldosterone will cause:

Select one:

a. increased release of ADH

b. None of these: aldosterone only causes a change in blood pressure

c. increased potassium excretion in urine

d. decreased release of angiotensin

e. increased blood calcium levels

Question 62

Which of the following statements correctly describes the regulation of gastric secretion?

Select one:

a. The sight and smell of food does not increase gastric secretion - only the physical act of eating food.

b. Gastric secretion is inhibited by distension (stretching) of the stomach.

c. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (i.e. fight or flight) will inhibit gastric secretions.

d. The presence of food (chyme) in the duodenum will always inhibit gastric secretions.

e. All of the above are true.

Question 64

The greatest amount of ATP production occurs during ___________ when the compounds ___________ release their electrons.

Select one:

a. Electron transport chain; NADH & FADH₂

b. Glycolysis; pyruvate & lactate

c. Citric acid (Krebs) cycle; CO₂ & H₂O

d. Deamination; urea & ammonia

e. Beta-oxidation; acetyl CoA & ketone bodies

Question 65

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) can be increased if you:

Select one:

a. Increase your lean body (i.e. muscle) mass

b. Go on a diet

c. Are asleep

d. Have low levels of thyroid hormone

e. All of the above increase BMR

Many choice: After eating a salty meal, which of the following would increase? Select one or more:

a. EDV

b. Stroke volume

c. HR

d. TPR

Many choice: Hormone receptors may alter

Select one or more:

a. Gene expression

b. The activity of ion channels

c. The rate of ATP synthesis in mitochondria

concepts of Kantianism and objections about the theory?

Question 71

Both oogenesis and spermiogenesis:

Select one:

a. create haploid cells

b. create 4 cells that can each be used in fertilization

c. unevenly divide cytoplasm during the meiotic cell division

d. are focused on creating a high quantity of sex cells, regardless of quality

Question 72

At puberty, levels of ___________ increase, causing ___________.

Select one:

a. testosterone; spermiogenesis

b. estrogen; menstruation

c. LH; hair growth to slow down

d. FSH; the childhood growth spurt to stop

e. Both A and B

Question 73

Which of the following represents the correct route that an oocyte will travel?

Select one:

a. uterus --> ovary --> cervix

b. ovary --> uterine (fallopian) tube --> uterus

c. vulva --> ovary --> uterus

d. cervix --> uterine (fallopian) tube --> ovary

Question 74

During the secretory or luteal phase:

Select one:

a. menstruation occurs.

b. ovulation occurs.

c. progesterone is at its lowest.

d. estrogen is at its highest.

e. The corpus luteum forms.

Question 75

What hormone is made by the placenta?

Select one:

a. hCG

b. Oxytocin

c. Testosterone (if a male baby)

d. LH

e. All of the above can be made by the placenta

Question 76

Fructose is present in semen to help provide energy to sperm.

Select one:

True

False

Question 77

4-5 days after fertilization, the blastocyst freely floats in the uterus prior to implantation.

Select one:

True

False

Question 78

During ovulation, a secondary oocyte is released and will only complete meiosis II if fertilization occurs.

Select one:

True

False