-Trace a drop of blood through the kidney starting at the abdominal aorta and ending at the inferior vena cava

- Trace the movement of the gametes through their respective reproductive tracts, include all relevant accessory structures, and events (such as fertilization)

-Trace the production and evacuation of urine from the body starting at the renal corpuscle

-Compare and contrast male and female homologous reproductive structures, mention similarities and differences in function and structure.

51. What is true about MHC class 2 molecules?

A) The CD8 surface protein is needed for attachment

B) Present exogenous antigens

C) Are found on red blood cells.

D) Trigger release of perforins and fragmentins

E) All of the above

52. Which is false about neuronal development?

A) The brain grows by 2/3 in the first three months after birth

B) Neurons begin to develop by week 3 of embryonic development.

C) In adolescence, new neurons are added to define brain circuits more sharply

D) Synaptic pruning takes place during development

E) The hippocampus and amygdala aren’t fully functional until age 3

54. Which of the following is not an aspect of the blood brain barrier?

A) Hydrophobic molecules can diffuse across the capillaries

B) Astrocytes provide carrier proteins for selective transport

C) Glucose crosses the barrier by GLUT-1 carriers

D) Insulin is transported across the membrane

E) All of the above are true

48. A therapy that targets HIV’s p24 protein would be most effective:

A) During reverse transcriptase in the cytosol

B) Interrupting the viral DNA splicing into the human cell’s DNA

C) During fusion at the human cell’s membrane

D) Interrupting the initial attachment of the virus on the human cell’s membrane

E) Interrupting budding from the human cell’s membrane after the dormant period

49. What antibiotic (specific or subtype) could become ineffective from a mutation in the smaller

ribosomal subunit of the bacteria?

A) Bacitracin

B) Aminoglycosides

C) Ansamycin

D) Penicillin

E) Macrolidees

50. Which is not a role of IL-2 released from Helper T-cells?

A) Stimulates the proliferation of T-cells.

B) Enhances activity of NK cless.

C) Stimulates plasma cell development of B-cells

D) Stimulates proliferation of B-cells.

E) Enhances antibody production of B-cells

Can epigenetics be beneficial? How?

Which epigenetic modification involves methylation?

What is the difference between Prader Willy and Angelman syndromes?

22. Which of the following is not a direct result of increasing Angiotensin II release?

A) Increased Na+ reabsorption

B) Increased constriction of systemic arterioles

C) Increased Aldosterone secretion.

D) Increased thirst stimulation.

E) Increased ADH secretion.

24. Which of the following are considered to be the main digestive processes?

A) Digestion – using enzymes to chemically break down nutrients into molecules small enough to be

absorbed.

B) Absorption – transportation of nutrient molecules into the blood.

C) Motility – movement along the entire tract (peristalsis) and mixing in the small intestine

(segmentation).

D) A and B

E) All of the above

27. Which of the following is FALSE?

A) The ileocecal sphincter regulates flow from small intestine to colon.

B) The cecum is small and not functional in humans.

C) The cecum is small and not functional in horses.

D) Inflammation of the appendix is called appendicitis.

E) The main function of the colon is to absorb water, which transforms chyme into feces.

The purpose of the auditory bones is to _____________.

Inhibit the perception of low decibel noises

Reduce the pressure on the Round Window

Promote the transduction of olfactory chemicals visual signals

Reduce the pressure on the Tympanic Membrane

Concentrate pressure from the Tympanic Membrane

Respiratory Physiology Lab

1.  Write a brief description of the changes in the lungs/air passages.

2. What changes in the thoracic musculature would you expect over time in a patient who has

     asthma?

3. Asthmatics have decreased ERV and vital capacity.  Additionally, residual volume and FRC may be increased.  How might asthma impact other respiratory volumes and capacities?

Explain how the skin contributes to immune protection, thermoregulation, and protection against damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. Be sure to clearly describe all the cells involved. This answer should contain at least 20 clearly stated anatomical facts

Which of the following neuroglia are associated with removing bacteria and viruses from the CNS?

Microglial

Schwann

Astrocyte

Oligodendrocyte

Eppendemal

What happened to the glomerular capillary pressure and GFR when you decreased the afferent radius? Increased it? Why do you suppose this occurred?

1. The structure that receives the ovulated oocyte is the ________.

  ovary

   cervix

   uterine tube

   ductus deferens

2. The duct system of the male reproductive tract includes all of the following structures EXCEPTthe ________.

  ductus deferens

   epididymis

   urethra

   corpus spongiosum

3. The primary function of the uterus is to ________.

  protect the ovaries

   regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles

   synthesize female hormones

   receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum

4. Sustentocytes produce ________.

  LH

   testosterone

   androgen-binding protein

   FSH

5. Ovulation occurs at the end of the _______ phase of the uterine cycle.

  luteal

   menstrual

   proliferative

   secretory

6. Which cell is expelled into the peritoneal cavity during ovulation?

  primary oocyte

   ovum

   oogonium

   secondary oocyte

Using the information on the introduction to activity 2, how do conditions such as emphysema and asthma affect a person’s ability to breathe?

As compared to blood how much acid concentration is needed in the stomach. How is it achieved. Describe the cell hormone enzymes that participate in the process

Compare the buffer, renal, cell polarity, and respiratory compensations for alkalosis and acidosis.Diagram the cells in the area of the Nephron where these occur.

Using the information on the introduction to activity 2, how do conditions such as emphysema and asthma affect a person’s ability to breathe?