explain how testes form and the resulting susceptibility in males.

1. _______________________ What organ is considered to be the most important for maintaining the extracellular fluid solutes at a relatively stable state?

2. ________ Systemic pH is homeostatically controlled by what organ system(s)? (A) respiratory system, (B) digestive system, (C) urinary system, (D) A & C, (E) all of the above

3. ____________________ Place the following regions of the renal circulatory system in the correct order, starting from the renal arteries. (A) peritubular capillaries, (B) renal vein, (C) efferent arteriole, (D) afferent arteriole, (E) glomerulus

4. _______ True or False. The bladder acts as a water reserve from which we are able to reabsorb water if necessary, which is why the sound of a fresh water source helps stimulate urination. It is no longer necessary to hold that reserve.

5. _______ True or False, the kidneys receive ~20% of the systemic blood flow.

6. ______ What is the average, healthy glomerular filtration rate (men/women)? (A) 50/45 ml/min, (B) 175/160 ml/min, (C) 100/90 ml/min, (D) 125/115 ml/min, (E) 150/165 ml/min

What is indirect and direct communication in neurons?

Please categorize : Cardiac muscle , Smooth muscle, Skeletal muscle

post and pre exercise and how it affects the lungs

1. Why is the patella important for the patellofemoral joint complex?

2. Explain why the “core” is important when it comes to the stability of the upper and lower extremity?

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM JOURNEY

ORGAN:____PANCREAS AND BILE DUCT

1. WHAT IS THE FOOD CALLED AT THIS POINT? _________________________________________
2. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE FOOD BEFORE IT GOT HERE?

3.WHERE DOES IT GO NEXT? WHAT HAPPENS THERE?

Hey! I'm having trouble answering this for my assignment. Thank you so much in advance.

1) Which type of vessels, arteries or veins, has more muscle fibers? What is the functional significance of this?

2a) In general, we have no conscious control over smooth muscle or cardiac muscle function, whereas we can consciously control to some extent all skeletal muscles. Can you consciously control your breathing? What does this tell you about the muscle type of the diaphragm?

2b) What is a portal system? What organs does the hepatic portal system connect in adults? What is the purpose of this system?

2c) Starting with the umbilical vein, list/chart the general flow of blood through the fetus. What special features of the lung make it a useful organ for gas exchange?

Patient X suffers from a stroke affecting part of the LEFT frontal lobe. This leads to the patient losing partial motor control/ability in their RIGHT hand. As a potential therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is applied to the RIGHT hemisphere. Why is the TMS stimulation ipsilateral to the paretic hand? Why is not applied to the left hemisphere? Focus on concepts pertaining to neuroanatomy to guide your answer.

Can't seem to find the answer to these questions... this is a two part question and would love an explanation for both. Thanks in advance!

The ductus arteriosus and the ductus venosus are two key vessels in the fetal circulation that are absent in the adult circulation. What are their functions in the fetus? Why are they necessary? At birth, the fetal circulation is transformed instantaneously into the adult circulation with practically no transition. How is this marvelous process possible?

Amber goes to workout one day and is so into her music that she continues her workout for 1 hour without taking a break, leading to extreme muscle fatigue and she can not continue. The next day Amber goes to workout and takes two 15 minute breaks to talk to her friends which allows her to complete a full 2 hour workout.

1. Why was Amber able to work out for a longer amount of time when she took the two 15 min breaks?

A. During relaxation ATP build up is able to decrease, delaying muscle fatigue

B. During relaxation ATP and acetylcholine can increase, delaying muscle fatigue

C. During relaxation build up of ADP can decrease, delaying muscle fatigue

D. During relaxation build up of Pi and lactic acid can decrease, delaying muscle fatigue

E. More than one answer is correct

2. While Amber is doing her workout she decides to try lifting heavier weights. She usually uses 8lb weights but wants to try 12lb weights. When she tries to lift up the 12lb weight she is unable to, why?

A. The force created was more than the weight that she was trying to pick up

B. The force created was less than the weight she was trying to pick up

C. The force created was the same as the weight she was trying to pick up

D. No force was created

E. More than one answer is correct

3. The next day Amber got home from work and was extremely hungry so she ordered 1 large pizza and finished it herself. After eating the pizza she was supposed to walk her dog and go workout but she felt too tired and was extremely lazy so she did not do anything. Why did this happen?

A. The sympathetic nervous system took over and caused her heart rate to decrease

B. The parasympathetic system took over which caused her heart rate to stay the same

C. The sympathetic nervous system took over which caused her heart rate to increase

D. The parasympathetic nervous system took over which caused her heart rate to increase

E. The parasympathetic nervous system took over and caused her heart rate to decrease

When a typical neuron’s membrane potential reaches +30mv, all of the following will be true except:

a) the voltage gated potassium channels will open

b) the neuron will be in absolute refractory period

c) the neuron will have generated an action potential equivalent to 100 mb

d) the voltage gated chloride channels will open

e) the voltage-gated sodium channels will close

2)Which of the following open or closes in response to neurotransmitters binding to their receptors?

a) sodium voltage-gated channels

b) sodium/potassium pump

c) ligand (chemical) gated channels

d)calcium voltage gated channels

e) leak (passive) channels

1.Describe the effects of the sympathetic nerves on cardiac muscle during contraction and relaxation.

2.Define preload, afterload, and contractility.

3.Describe the spread of excitation from the SA node through the rest of the heart.

4.Red blood cells have a lifespan of 120 days. What happens to the blood cell when it dies? Discuss the locations of death, by-products, and formation of RBC.

5.Describe the process of chemotaxis or emigration.

Put the following items in order from the flow of sound waves to the production of action potential to the destination in the brain.

auditory association area

auricle

basilar membrane

cochlea

cochlear branch of CN VIII

external acoustic meatus

incus

inner hair cell

malleus

oval window

primary auditory cortex

scala vestibuli

stapes

synapse in inferior colliculus

synapse in medulla oblongata

synapse in thalamus

tympanic membrane

If someone was unable to make MHC-2 proteins, how would that affect their adaptive immune response?