Outline/diagram the flow of filtrated fluid from the bloodstream through the nephron and into the urine.

A 23 yr old male with a 3 yr history of pain and itching of the toes of the feet and his left palm and fingers. Peeling and scaling were observed on his feet and left palm. In the past three months, he has been training several hours a day for a triathlon.

1. What type of specimen would you collect to isolate the organism and what type of reagent would be used for a direct examination to make the fungus easier to visualize?

2. What is this patient likely suffering from?

3. What organisms are typically associated with this disease?

4. Differentiate the likely organisms from each other by creating a flow chart.

in 200 words !!! You are a member at a local community center that is having their annual picnic serving 100 people. As a health educator, what measures should you ensure are in place to prevent food borne illness from spoiling the event?

Most CSF is produced by the _?_.

(a) arachnoid villi

(b) pineal body

(c) choroid plexuses

(d) cisternae

(e) hypophysis.

This 9-year-old boy was taken to the emergency department with a sore throat. On examination, he had redness of the throat and slightly swollen glands. The physician assistant ordered a throat culture and blood drawn for an antistreptolysin-O antibody (ASO). An antibiotic was prescribed for a 10-day period. His mother was told to make an appointment with his pediatrician for a follow-up. At the follow-up visit 2 weeks later, the results of the laboratory test revealed a throat culture with a few colonies of β-streptococci. The qualitative ASO test result was reported as positive. The acute serum was frozen at the time of testing. The pediatrician ordered a convalescent specimen to be tested semiquantitatively in parallel with the acute specimen for an ASO titer. The results of the parallel testing of the acute and convalescent specimens revealed the following: • Acute specimen positive, 1:1 dilution/titer (IU/mL 200) • Convalescent specimen positive, 1:4 dilution/titer (IU/mL 800)

Thinking Group Discussion Questions

2. What does a rise in titer mean?

This 9-year-old boy was taken to the emergency department with a sore throat. On examination, he had redness of the throat and slightly swollen glands. The physician assistant ordered a throat culture and blood drawn for an antistreptolysin-O antibody (ASO). An antibiotic was prescribed for a 10-day period. His mother was told to make an appointment with his pediatrician for a follow-up. At the follow-up visit 2 weeks later, the results of the laboratory test revealed a throat culture with a few colonies of β-streptococci. The qualitative ASO test result was reported as positive. The acute serum was frozen at the time of testing. The pediatrician ordered a convalescent specimen to be tested semiquantitatively in parallel with the acute specimen for an ASO titer.
The results of the parallel testing of the acute and convalescent specimens revealed the following:
• Acute specimen positive, 1:1 dilution/titer (IU/mL 200)
• Convalescent specimen positive, 1:4 dilution/titer (IU/mL 800)

Thinking Group Discussion Questions
1. Is the difference between the acute and convalescent titers significant?

Outline the effects and possible causes and treatments for hyper- and hyposecretion of Growth Hormone(Somatotropin). Outline the complete pathway of Growth Hormone secretion and control.

Are the normal negative feedback mechanisms to regulate body temperature working normally in a patient with heat exhaustion? Are the normal negative feedback mechanisms to regulate body temperature working in a patient with heatstroke?

Animal Physiology Question

1. Dynamic Range is the range of stimulus intensities over which a receptor can respond. Receptors that have a smaller (or narrower) dynamic range have much better discrimination of changes in stimulus intensity than receptors that have a large dynamic range (although I can’t test figures here, you should be able to draw a neuron with a wide vs. narrow dynamic range). Please explain the trade-off between dynamic range and discrimination using the relationship between number of action potentials fired and changes in stimulus intensity for both receptors with narrow vs. large dynamic ranges.

Animal Physiology Question

1. How do sensory neurons encode stimulus modality (i.e. type of stimulus), stimulus location, stimulus intensity and stimulus duration? Provide the level of detail necessary to understand these concepts, for hearing specifically. How does your brain distinguish low vs. high frequency sounds?

match the nerve to its description.

facial, trochlear, vagus, oculomotor, hypoglossal, vestibulocochlear, abducens, olfactory, optic, trigeminal

1.facial expressions

2.motor, moves the eyes

3.sense of smell

4. motor, moves the eyes

5.sense of vision

6.hearing and balance

7.moves the tounge

8.toothache

9. parasympathetic

10.motor, moves the eye