Question

1. _______________________ What organ is considered to be the most important for maintaining the extracellular fluid solutes at a relatively stable state?

2. ________ Systemic pH is homeostatically controlled by what organ system(s)? (A) respiratory system, (B) digestive system, (C) urinary system, (D) A & C, (E) all of the above

3. ____________________ Place the following regions of the renal circulatory system in the correct order, starting from the renal arteries. (A) peritubular capillaries, (B) renal vein, (C) efferent arteriole, (D) afferent arteriole, (E) glomerulus

4. _______ True or False. The bladder acts as a water reserve from which we are able to reabsorb water if necessary, which is why the sound of a fresh water source helps stimulate urination. It is no longer necessary to hold that reserve.

5. _______ True or False, the kidneys receive ~20% of the systemic blood flow.

6. ______ What is the average, healthy glomerular filtration rate (men/women)? (A) 50/45 ml/min, (B) 175/160 ml/min, (C) 100/90 ml/min, (D) 125/115 ml/min, (E) 150/165 ml/min

Answer 1

1.Kidney  is considered to be the most important for maintaining the extracellular fluid solutes at a relatively stable state.

Kidney regulates the homeostasis through the maintaining the extracellular fluid via controlling the internal constant environment constituents. It happens through the countercurrent mechnaism of nephrons and countercurrent multiplier system running throughout the nephron tubules and regulates the solute and water reabsorption and secretion ratio.

2. (D) A & C

Systemic pH control is controlled by the conjunction of respiratory and urinary system, they help in keeping the extracellular pH of blood plasma between 7.32-7.42 via chemical buffering system.The respiratory system control the pH by exhaling carbondioxide from the lung whereas the kidney maintains the pH by reabsobing the carbonic acid in the nephron tubule by elevating or reducing the acid secretion.

3.(D) afferent arteriole ---- (E) glomerulus ----- (C) efferent arteriole----  (A) peritubular capillaries ----- (B) renal vein

Renal arteries enter in glomerulus through the afferent arteriole and exit through the efferent arteriole and enters into the peritubular capillaries and then drain them into the renal vein.The efferent arteriole supplies the blood to tiny blood vessels named as peritubular capillaries which are present parallel to the nephron helps in reabsorption nad secretion between lumen of the nephron tubule and bloodstream.

4.True

The bladder reabsorbs the urine that has to be excreted by the kideny ,which is counted as 7.6pl /IOO g per hour that constitute 60 % of the urine reabsorbed by the bladder. The excretion of urine from urethra has a specific sound that mimics the sound of fresh water source causes the pavlovian association and helps in stimuation of urination.

5. True

Kidney is highly enriched in blood supply and it is relative to the size of the kidney.The blood flowing through kideny is 1L/min. This is calculated as 20% of cardiac output passing through this tissue which comprises 0.5% of body mass.

6.(C) 100/90 ml/min

The average glomerular filteration rate represnts the amount of blood passing through glomerulus each minute.The male have little higher GFR than females as it also depends on the age,body mass of the body. The glomerular filteration rate ranges from 90-120mL/min/1.73m2. The glomerular filteration rate decreases with time.