11. For the scenario below, decide which cranial nerves are being used.

Jane smelled fresh baked cookies coming from the kitchen. She didn’t want her mom to know she was having a cookie, so she quietly went into the kitchen and looked around the room for her mom. With her mom not around, she ate a cookie. Then she heard someone say, “Jane, how was the cookie?” Jane turned her head and there was her mom.

• When Jane turned her head and saw her mom what cranial nerve was used to turn her head?

• What cranial nerve did Jane use to smell the fresh baked cookies?

• What cranial nerve did Jane use to see her mom?

• What cranial nerve did Jane use to swallow the cookie?

Using a muscle found in the thigh region, describe the muscle's origin, insertion, and action. What joint(s) does the muscle cross over?

Using a muscle found in the pectoral girdle region, describe the muscle's origin, insertion, and action. What joint(s) does the muscle cross over?

Using specific examples found in the special senses, describe the difference between chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors. What stimuli do each respond to and how do they transduce this stimuli into an action potential?

What is Hypertension? Describe the four major causes of hypertension.

1- What nutritional considerations you advice the following patients to? Please mention any recommended supplements you advise him to take, with the explanations? (Please notice that your answer not to exceed 150 words for each disease, and list the reference you have used).

1-Parkinson’s Disease

2-Amylotrophic lateral sclerosis

3-Wernicke- Korsakoff Syndrome

4-Stroke

An impassioned astronaut, who is well aware of some "kidney problem", goes to the army base for a battery and a physical exam. You are asked to fast for twelve hours overnight and collect all of your urine in the morning. During the last hour period, your urine volume is 1200 ml and your urine osmolality is 60 mosm / I. Based on these observations, be the bus ticket to return home.

What could be "wrong" with your kidney that explains your inability to form concentrated urine?

Why did the space program reject it?

why are spermatozoa created by meiosis and not by mitosis?

Why is it important for dental professionals to learn about the anatomy of the skull? Give examples of how knowledge of normal anatomy is needed in everyday practice.

A pregnant female of age 38 years, her weight is 80 Kg and her height is 160 cm, was admitted to hospital due to unknown reason high temperature 38 ºC, she had symptoms like night sweat, general weakness, weight loss of unknown reason, also non- itchy spots on her neck. The physician advised her to admit hospital for more investigations as she is pregnant in the 3^rd trimester, after blood test, WBC count was 3500 /mm³ and Hb was 9 g/dL, and she was told HIV-positive patient?

1-Would you recommend any other laboratory tests to prove she is HIV-positive patient? If yes, mention them with their normal values? (Please notice that your answer not to exceed 50 words, and list the reference you have used).

2-What are your dietary, exercise, and lifestyle recommendations for her as AIDS patient? (Please notice that your answer not to exceed 1 word page, single spaced, and list the reference you have used).

3-Do you advice her to take ART medication? If yes, Mention 2 medications used to treat AIDS? What are these medications originally used for ? What are the side effects of using these 2 medications you have mentioned, and what food- drug interaction may occur due to use these medications? (Please notice that your answer not to exceed 100 words for each question part, and list the reference you have used).

4-After delivering her baby as AIDS patient, do you advice her to breast-feed her baby? Explain?