Question

2.What are hormones?

3.Most hormones circulate in blood and come into contact with essentially all cells. However, a specific hormone usually affects only a limited number of cells called _____________________________which contain receptors for that hormone. When hormones bind to receptors, it triggers a cascade of reactions within the cell that affects function.4.Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream while exocrine glands release secretions through ducts into cavities or body surfaces. Some endocrine glands have other functions beyond hormone production and secretion. These organs are called mixed glands, because they have both endocrine and exocrine functions. For example:In addition to hormone production, the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestines. Consider the other endocrine glands and list glands that would be considered mixed based on the above criteria. __________________________

5.Richard has symptoms of excessive hormone production of the parathyroid gland. The doctor is certain there is a tumor on the gland. Yet, when surgery was performed on his neck, the surgeon could not find the parathyroid gland at all. Where should the surgeon look to find the tumor on the parathyroid gland? ______________________________________________

Answer 1

Question 2:

Answer: Hormones are biochemicals that are secreted by endocrine glands (ductless glands) these glands secretes the hormones into the blood flow. These glands plays a major role in various function in the body some of them are reproduction, growth, maintain metabolism, sexual function etc. Example of some endocrine glands secretes hormones are Pituitary gland it secretes many hormones some of them are growth hormone, Thyroid stimulating hormone, leuteinising hormone etc. Thyroid gland secretes thyroxine. Some exocrine glands also secretes hormones these glands are called as mixed glands.

Question 3:

Answer: Target cells

Explanation: The hormone affects the limited number of cells called Target cells. The target cell consist of specific receptors for that hormone. By the action of the receptors these cell binds with hormones and it affects the function of cells.

Question 4:

Answer: Ovary and Testis

Explanation: Ovary has the action of both exocrine and endocrine gland. Ovary secretes hormones into the blood stream such as progesterone and estrogen. And also it produces ova or egg. Ovary has duct it travels the egg to the uterus it is a action like exocrine glands.

Testis is a mixed gland it produces hormone called testosterone it is a male reproductive hormone. And it also have duct like tubules called seminiferous tubules for production of sperm. So it has function of both exocrine and endocrine glands.

Question 5:

Answer: Parathyroid gland is the gland which is located behind the thyroid gland. Increased parathyroid hormone is called as Hyperparathyroidism. The tumor which is occurs in the parathyroid gland is called Parathyroid adenoma. There are 4 Parathyroid glands they are two lower parathyroids which is present behind the lower part of thyroid gland. And two upper parathyroids these are present behind the middle part of thyroid gland. If the surgeon has to locate the tumor first he/she has to find out whether the tumor is in upper parathyroids or lower parathyroids. If the tumor is in upper parathyroids the surgeon has to look behind the middle part of the thyroid gland. If the tumor is in lower parathyroids the surgeon has to look behind the lower part of thyroid gland. By using the thyroid gland as a landmark the surgeon locate the tumor.