How synaptic plasticity works on learning&memory?

Hypertension outline the pathophysiology, etiology, manifestions and treatment of this disease.

Please include resources.

(This question is related with orthopedics. Thanks.)

A 5 years old boy is brought to the outpatient clinics of orthopaedics and traumatology department. The family complaints that the boy has a limping gait for a few weeks without a trauma history. The child has also some constitutional symptoms like mild fever and easy fatigability. The pelvis x ray demonstrates a lamellar type periosteal reaction on the left proximal femur. What is your differential diagnosis? Which key methods would be appropriate for a proper diagnosis? (max: 150 words)

Quantitative analysis in Spectrometry can be achieved by three methods –

Standard Addition Method,
External Standard method and
Internal Standard method. Write short
notes on each of the approaches.

Emma Norton, aged 26, is admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of her COPD. Using your knowledge of the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system , please answer the following questions below. Be sure to clearly label the different parts.

PART A / Emma undergoes a pulmonary lung function test. How would her total lung capacity test and her FEV1/FVC values compare to normal physiological values?

PART B / In hospital, Emma is placed on oxygen but develops respiratory depression. Explain why Emma stops breathing when she is administered oxygen.

PART C / Emma's COPD has caused pulmonary hypertension and subsequent failure of the right ventricle. What are the roles of venous pressure and capillary hydrostatic pressure in causing edema?

PART D /  Emma's right ventricular failure has caused a decrease in cardiac output. Explain which hormonal system will be activated and how it compensate for this.

1. During an Action potential, Na+ enters the cell and causes the membrane voltage to become less negative. This process is called______________.

2. During Resting Membrane Potential of a cell, Na+ is more concentrated __________ whereas K+ is more concentrated ____________.

3. At the beginning of Repolarization, ______ channels close and ______ channels open.

4. What is the name of the muscle fiber organelle that is continuous with the sarcolemma and transmits an action potential through the inside of a cell?

5. Name the neurotransmitter that creates an action potential on the Motor End Plate of a muscle fiber.

How have human activities influenced the composition of our internal microbiota? What activities drive these effects? Outline some potential consequences of changes to our microbiota.

Please give a detailed answer. Add supportive equations or flow diagrams if possible.

Thank you.

Explain what is meant by the thrifty gene hypothesis (also known as the Barker's hypothesis or foetal programming) and describe the epigenetic processes involved in foetal programming.

Please give a detailed answer. Add supportive equations or flow diagrams if possible.

Thank you.

Describe the function of the hypothalamus in the control of body weight

Please give a detailed answer. Add supportive equations or flow diagrams if possible.

Thank you.

Q2. Discuss all three of the following topics;

a. beige (aka brite) fat

b. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)

c. basal metabolic rate (BMI)

Please give a detailed answer. Add supportive equations or flow diagrams if possible.

Thank you.

5. Explain how the plasma concentration of free Ca2+ concentration is regulated and include the function of inorganic phosphate (HPO42-) in this process.

Please give a detailed answer. Add supportive equation if possible.

1. For cortisol:

a. What causes the release of cortisol?

b. Use a diagram to show how the release of cortisol is controlled

c. What is the role cortisol in the acute stress response?

d. What are the possible effects of highly elevated levels of cortisol during prolonged stress?

Please give a detailed answer. Add supportive equations or flow diagrams if possible.

6. Concerning potassium.

a. What is the normal range for plasma potassium?

b. Why is maintaining potassium in this range so important?

c. How is plasma potassium concentration controlled in the short term (secs) and in the long term (minutes to hours)?

Please give a detailed answer. Add supportive equations or flow diagrams if possible.