2. Although vitamins and minerals are vital for the proper functioning of human cells, excess intake of certain vitamins and minerals can have deleterious consequences in the human body. Suppose you were to ingest all vitamins and minerals daily, but in slightly excessive amounts each day, over a long period of time.

Which effects would you expect to observe first: those of an excessive intake of watersoluble vitamin, or those of an excessive intake of a fat-soluble vitamin, or those of excessive intake of a mineral? Briefly explain your reasoning.

Which effects would you expect to be easier to reverse: those of an excessive intake of water-soluble vitamin, or those of an excessive intake of a fat-soluble vitamin, or those of excessive intake of a mineral? Briefly explain your reasoning.

Where are mitochondria located in a relaxed muscle fiber?

Physical therapy agents used for muscle contraction

There are many different effects of aerobic (dynamic exercise) on many different parts of the cardiovascular system. The following activity covers the majority of these changes.

Which of the following statements are true in reguard to a single session of incremental aerobic exercise? You will select numerous correct answers.

[mark all correct answers]

a. EDV is increased

b. Contractility is increased

c. liver blood flow increases for cori cycle

d. Heart receives a greater absolute amount of blood

e. sympathetic stimulation causes constriction of most vessels

f. A-V O2 difference decreases

g. Sympathetic nervous system activity increases

h. total vascular resistance decreases

i. Arterioles supplying skeletal muscles dilate

j. blood volume increases

k. blood viscosity increases

l. systolic blood pressure increases

m. more capillaries in skeletal muscle are recruited/opened

n. Brain receives a large increase in blood flow

o. Afterload is decreased

In a reflex response loop, what is a body process that will occur as a result of an increased heartrate, include Stimulus, sensor, efferent/intergration center/ afferent, target and response.

A polymodal brain region is an association are whose neurons have
receptive fields defined by MORE THAN ONE sensory modality (e.g., vision,
somatosensations or vision/hearing, etc.) Discuss the adaptive significance of the
expansion of the polymodal regions PG and STS in humans compared to other
primates.

Explain why benzodiazepines are anxiolytic in the short term but anxiogenic
in the long term whereas serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the
reverse

Compare and contrast Classical and Operant Conditioning

The secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal glands have both fast and
slow effects on autonomic responses to emergency “flight or fight” situations.
Describe them

In a paragraph describe the neural circuitry responsible for the “deep
tendon reflex” -- a reflexive movement of a limb elicited by briefly striking a
tendon (e.g., the patellar tendon)

Describe six symptoms associated with damage to the dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex and briefly describe the tests you would used to identify each of
these symptoms

Explain the hyperpolarization that sometimes occurs after the action potential.

Why has it been so difficult for neuropsychologists to discover the functions
of the right hemisphere?