1. How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure?
2. Which stimulus is detected by a chemoreceptor?
3. What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?
4. Sheena's B lymphocytes (B cells) produced antibodies to protect her about 3-5 days after she was exposed to a virus. What type of immunity do antibodies provide?
5. What should NOT elicit an immune response in your own body?
6. What initiates T cell activation?

1. Where do B cells develop and mature?
2. What are the five basic classes of antibodies?
3. What do Vaccinations involve exposure to an antigen to elicit?
4. What secretes antibodies?
5. What type of immunity exists even in the absence of a stimulus?
6. What organ is responsible for producing most of the plasma proteins known as the complement system?
7. What can cancer cells release to suppress T cell activity?

1. What causes water to cross capillary beds from high to low hydrostatic?
2. What is the fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary?
3. What is blood pressure equivalent to?
4. What is some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries returned to the blood by?
5. What is the outward force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels?
6. Which neurotransmitter decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

Personal Planning. Critically review the requirements for completing the program and develop a personal plan to complete the course work while balancing other demands (e.g. family, work, and hobbies.) The plan should include:

1. A general description of your overall strategy, as well as
2. A personalized timetable for completing weekly readings, Discussions, and Assignments for this course.

All formed elements in blood are derived from hematopoietic stem cells.

1. If an individual lacked hematopoietic growth factors that allowed for the differentiation of myeloid stem cells into megakaryoblasts, what loss of function will that individual experience?
2. Will introduction of thrombopoietin into the system resolve this individual’s condition? Why or why not?

Discuss the Bohr effect

identify the tissue and tissue types know the location of each tissue

Hemostasis is the first stage of wound healing.

1. In which blood vessel classifications are vascular spasms observed?
2. How are the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways activated differently?
3. How would liver failure affect these pathways?

The hypothalamus-pituitary complex can be considered as the master control center for the endocrine system.

1. Contrast how the hypothalamus communicates differently with the anterior pituitary gland compared to the posterior pituitary gland.
2. Using a specific example, describe the process by which the hypothalamus can direct the secretion of an anterior pituitary gland hormone and the effects at the target organ or tissue.

a) Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding Osmolarity and Tonicity?

     a. A Hyperosmotic solution is always Hypertonic
     b. A Isosmotic solution may be Isotonic or Hypertonic but not Hypotonic
     c. A Hyposmotic solution may be Hypotonic, Isotonic or Hypertonic
     d. All of the above are true
     e. None of the above is true

b) Which of the following is NOT a second messenger molecule used in cellular signal transduction pathways?

     a. cyclic GMP
     b. Inositol triphosphate
     c. Phospholipase A2
     d. Diacylglycerol
     e. cyclic AMP

c) Which of the following is/are true regarding facilitated diffusion? (2 points)

     a. It is an active process requiring ATP
     b. It uses a protein carrier in the cell membrane
     c. It utilizes a concentration gradient of one molecule to move another molecule against its concentration gradient
   d. All of the above are true

d) A patient comes into the hospital with very low blood pressure. Which solution below will expand his plasma volume to the greatest extent and remain in the plasma. Which of the following solutions is the best choice? (4 points)

        a. Hypertonic Saline (NaCl solution)
        b. Hypertonic Albumin (protein solution)
        c. Hypotonic Dextrose (d-glucose solution)
        d. Hypotonic Potassium Chloride (KCl solution)

0.9% saline (NaCl solution), commonly referred to clinically as Normal saline, is isosmotic and isotonic to cells in the body. Serum osmolarity is normally around 290 mOsm/liter.   Now, what would happen clinically if one infused 500 ml of Normal Saline into the vascular system of a patient? In other words, how would the water and ions (Na and Cl) be distributed in the plasma, interstitial fluid and intracellular compartment? From each grouping of three choices, pick the correct statement for each group.

A. Pick one choice from a, b and c below:

a.       The infused water would be distributed evenly between the extracellular compartment and the cells.

b.      The infused water would be distributed mostly to the intracellular space as opposed to the extracellular space.

c.       The infused water would be distributed between the extracellular compartment and very little would enter the cells.

B. Pick one choice from d, e and f below:

d.      The ions would be distributed evenly between the extracellular compartment and the cells.

e.       The ions would be distributed mostly to the intracellular space as opposed to the extracellular space.

f.        The ions would be distributed between the extracellular compartment and very little would enter the intracellular space.

Motor Skill: Volleyball Spike

Goal: The goal of volleyball spike is to spike the ball above a standard height net such that the ball lands as close as possible to 400 centimetres from the centre line in the opposite side of the court.   

could I please have help with the following for the above motor skill goal

.1.0 Motor Skill Analysis

1.1 Size of Primary Musculature Required

1.2 Specificity of Skill Beginning and End

1.3 Stability of the Environmental Context

1.4 Gentile’s Two-Dimension Taxonomy

1.5 Regulatory and Non-Regulatory Conditions

1.6 Skill Complexity and Skill Organisation Characteristics

1. Discuss the three R's of nutrition. Explain how PDIs fit into the three R's of nutrition.

2. Describe the significance of carbohydrates, fats & proteins on health & performance? what are general recommendations for each macronutrient intake? how does body type,health status and performance goals influence these recommendations?

3. Explain the difference between micro nutrients and macro nutrients. what role do micronutrient play in maintaining and optimizing health and performance? what are common micronutrient deficiencies seen athletes?

4. Describe the path of food through the digestive system and explain each organs role in the digestive process. what are some factors that influence digestion?

sports nutrition questions

Topic: synaptic plasticity, mechanisms, and the relationship between synaptic plasticity and learning/memory as well. ( write a review on it more than 800 words) Please answer the question only if you can observe the minimum limit of 800 words and if it is possible please type the answer. Thank you.