1. What are the reproductive strategies for plant reproduction?

A microelectrode delivers a current pulse that depolarizes the presynaptic terminal above threshold. Describe the events that occur (in molecular detail) immediately after depolarization. Your answer should finish with the response of the postsynaptic neuron. The presynaptic neuron releases ACh and the postsynaptic neuron has ionotropic AChR.

what channels are activated in terminal?

what currents flows through the membrane? What direction? Why?

what are all the proteins involved in the release of ACh vesicles?

mechanism?

1) All living organisms, including bacteria, plants, humans and other animals, are made up of one or more cells. Explain why all living organisms need to have DNA. Include the words genes and proteins in your explanation.

2)Explain how a difference in the sequence of nucleotides in a gene could result in one boy being albino and the other boy having normal skin and hair color.

3)Copy and complete this chart to describe how a person's DNA determines whether he has hemophilia. (Hint: begin by completing the bottom box in the protein column.)

4) Explain why a cell needs to replicate its DNA before the cell divides into two daughter cells.

Why does signaling through a peptide growth factor (such as Epidermal Growth Factor) allow for more rapid responses in a cell than signaling through a steroid hormone such as estrogen?

Answer for Cabbage:

1. What microbes are involved in the process?
2. What is the purpose of adding the ingredients in your recipe?
3. What metabolic processes are the microbes undergoing – what specific by-products are they producing that contribute to the changes in the food?
4. What changes occur in your food during the fermentation? e.g. Does the amount of oxygen in the container change? Why?  Same questions for carbon dioxide, pH, alcohol, temperature.

Compare the facial prognathism and cranial capacity in apes and hominins. How do hominins differ from apes in their facial prognathism? Their cranial capacity?

How do apes and hominins compare with regard to their foramen magnum?

Why do apes have a larger nuchal area?

Why do apes have larger temporal muscles?

Why do apes have a larger zygomatic arch?

What is the function of the brow ridge?

What is the function of the sagittal crest?

How do the teeth and jaws of apes compare to the teeth and jaws of hominins?

What is a canine diastema? Do we see this in hominins? Explain your answer.

One structure appears to increase in size in hominins, what is it?

What structures (there are several!) decrease in size in hominins compared to apes?

Indicate whether the individual volunteering to donate blood for homologous transfusion should be accepted or deferred.

A. Defer Temporarily        B. Defer for 6 Months    C. Defer Permanently           D. Accept E. Accept After Obtaining Medical Approval

20. _D._ A 65-year-old man whose birthday is tomorrow.
21. _A._ A 45-year-old woman who donated a unit during a holiday appeal 54 days ago.
22. _E._ A 50-year-old physician (Hgb 13.2 g/dL), who visited a country endemic for malaria but did not take prophylactic medicine.
23. _C._ A 25-year-old man who says he had yellow jaundice while in high school.
24. _A._ An 18-year-old with poison ivy on his hands and face.
25. _D._ A 77-year-old man
26. _E._ A 35-year-old runner (Pulse 46)

(Are these answers correct?)

Learner Outcomes
BI280-04 Compare and contrast the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
BI280-04.02 Compare the phases of microbial growth and describe the relation to generation time.
Lab Extension
At 82% progress is this lab simulation you are asked to create your own experiment.

What observation or questions are you investigating with this experiment?

Write down your hypothesis.

Describe the experimental design .

Define the term control group. Which tube is the control?

Define the term experimental/treatment group. Which tube is the experimental/treatment group?

Define independent variable. In this experiment what is the independent variable?

Define dependent variable. In this experiment what is the dependent variable?

. Describe the data collected from the experiment. Include the temperatures you tested and how the growth curves differed. Describe differences (if any) in the lag phase, exponential phase, stationary phase, and death phase. At this point do NOTinterpret the results.

Was your hypothesis supported or rejected?

Interpret the results to draw a conclusion. Think about WHY you had the results you did and HOWthis relates to temperature as a limiting factor in bacterial growth.

Give the correct term for the following

a-A developing embryo

b-Second phase of seed development after cell division.

c-The mature ovary wall that develops into a fruit wall.

d-The oil bodies on the outside of seeds

e-The pathway of water between living cells via the plasmodesmata

f-Root system formed from a strongly developed primary root and its branches

g-. The central column of cells in the root cap.

h-Negatively gravitropic air roots

i-Large intercellular air spaces in aquatic and wetland plants

j-The central area of the stem or root that contains procambium derived tissues and includes the vascular tissue, pith occasionally and a pericycle

OUTLINE the differences in the envelope structures of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. You may use diagrams or a table.

Describe the behavior of chemotaxis in bacteria. Make sure to mention how the flagella contributes and how they can move toward good things and away from bad things.

DESCRIBE the Endosymbiotic Theory and OUTLINE the evidence to support

Identify and briefly explain two advantages and two disadvantages of individual-level epidemiologic studies over rodent bioassays in assessing the public health hazard of a chemical

An aminoacyl-tRNA exhibits which one of the following characteristics?

Concerning generation of ATP from glucose during glycolysis which of the following statements is not correct?

Insulin results in phosphorylation of acetyl-coA carboxylase, which stimulate fatty acid synthesis?

True

False

Which of the following statement(s) is or are correct?

Which of the following would be observed in a person who is resting after an overnight fast?

Q1. Cell survival curves

Suppose you did an experiment to generate a cell survival curve.

a) Describe what steps you would take to do the experiment.

b) What is meant by plating efficiency?

c) In your experiment you irradiate cells using 6 MV photons on a linear accelerator. You collect the data shown in the table below. Plot cell survival as a function of dose and use the linear-quadratic model to fit the data.

d) Determine the alpha/beta ratio from the curve fit. Is this an early responding or late responding cell line?

Think of the meal you ate last night for dinner (if you do not eat dinners, think of what you had for lunch). Discuss in detail what happens to the food you ate in your mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Was your dinner high in protein? Fats? Did it contain any carbohydrates? Fiber? Where were these nutrients digested chemically? Where do you think your dinner spent the most time and why? Be as specific (to your meal) as possible.

What is Bardeen’s relationship like with his twin brother when they are growing up?

How does their relationship change?

Why doesn’t Bardeen tell his brother his “secret” sooner?

How does Bardeen’s brother react when he finally tells his “secret”?

Do you think Bardeen is satisfied or disappointed with his brother’s reaction?

Explain. What do you think is the main message of the story?

LIVES; Not Close Enough for Comfort By David P. Bardeen I had wanted to tell Will I like boys since I was 12. As twins, we shared everything back then: clothes, gadgets, thoughts, secrets. Everything except this. So, when we met for lunch more than a year ago, I thought that finally coming out to him would close the distance that had grown between us. When we were kids, we created our own language, whispering to each other as our bewildered parents looked on. Now, at 28, we had never been further apart. I asked him about his recent trip. He asked me about work. Short questions. One-word answers. Then an awkward pause. Will was one of the last to know. Partly it was his fault. He is hard to pin down for brunch or a drink, and this was not the sort of conversation I wanted to have over the phone. I had been trying to tell him for more than a month, but he kept canceling at the last minute -- a friend was in town, he'd met a girl. But part of me was relieved. This was the talk I had feared the most. Coming out is, in an unforgiving sense, an admission of fraud. Fraud against yourself primarily, but also fraud against your family and friends. So, once I resolved to tell my secret, I confessed to my most recent ''victims'' first. I told my friends from law school -- those I had met just a few years earlier and deceived the least -- then I worked back through college to the handful of high-school friends I keep in touch with. Keeping my sexuality from my parents had always seemed permissible, so our sit-down chat did not stress me out as much as it might have. We all mislead our parents. ''I'm too sick for school today.'' ''No, I wasn't drinking.'' ''Yes, Mom, I'm fine. Don't worry about me.'' That deception is understood and, in some sense, expected. But twins expect complete transparency, however romantic the notion. Although our lives unfolded along parallel tracks -- we went to college together, both moved to New York and had many of the same friends -- Will and I quietly drifted apart. When he moved abroad for a year, we lost touch almost entirely. Our mother and father didn't think this was strange, because like many parents of twins, they wanted us to follow divergent paths. But friends were baffled when we began to rely on third parties for updates on each other's lives. ''How's Will?'' someone would ask. ''You tell me,'' I would respond. One mutual friend, sick of playing the intermediary, once sent me an e-mail message with a carbon copy to Will. ''Dave, meet Will, your twin,'' it said. ''Will, let me introduce you to Dave.'' Now, here we were, at lunch, just the two of us. ''There's something I've been meaning to tell you,'' I said. ''i like boys.'' I looked at him closely, at the edges of his mouth, the wrinkles around his eyes, for some hint of what he was thinking. ''O.K.,'' he said evenly. ''I've been meaning to tell you for a while,'' I said. ''Uh-huh.'' He asked me a few questions but seemed slightly uneasy, as if he wasn't sure he wanted to hear the answers. Do Mom and Dad know? Are you seeing anyone? How long have you known you like men? I hesitated. I've known since I was young, and to some degree, I thought Will had always known. How else to explain my adolescent melancholy, my withdrawal, the silence when the subject changed to girls, sex and who was hot. As a teenager I watched, as if from a distance, as my demeanor went from outspoken to sullen. I had assumed, in the self-centered way kids often do, that everyone noticed this change -- and that my brother had guessed the reason. To be fair, he asked me once in our 20's, after I had ended yet another brief relationship with a woman. ''Of course, I don't like boys,'' I told him, as if the notion were absurd. ''How long have you known?'' he asked again. ''About 15 years,'' I said. Will looked away. Food arrived. We ate and talked about other things. Mom, Dad, the mayor and the weather. We asked for the check and agreed to get together again soon. No big questions, no heart to heart. Just disclosure, explanation, follow-up, conclusion. But what could I expect? I had shut him out for so long that I suppose ultimately he gave up. Telling my brother, I like boys hadn't made us close, as I had naïvely hoped it would; instead it underscored just how much we had strayed apart. As we left the restaurant, I felt the urge to apologize, not for liking boys, of course, but for the years I'd kept him in the dark, for his being among the last to know. He hailed a cab. It stopped. He stepped inside; the door still open. ''I'm sorry,'' I said. He smiled. ''No, I think it's great.'' A nice gesture. Supportive. But I think he misunderstood. A year later, we are still only creeping toward the intimacy everyone expects us to have. Although we live three blocks away from each other, I can't say we see each other every week or even every two weeks. But with any luck, next year, I'll be the one updating our mutual friends on Will's life.

Hello, I need help with these questions please

Thank you