DIscuss Alberch’s experiments on limb development in Ambystoma mexicanum, epigenetic processes, and saltation in morphological evolution.

Normally after birth, the blood entering the right side of the heart (right atrium) is low in oxygen, while the blood leaving the left side of the heart and entering the body’s main circulation (the aorta) is high in oxygen. However, sometimes the foramen ovale fails to close after birth. What effect will this have on the level of oxygen in the blood that leaves the heart to enter into the aorta? Fully explain why.

1.When the substrates bind to the active of an enzyme, the active site changes shape. This is an example of: a) lock & key model; b) inhibitor model; c) allosteric model; d) induced fit model; e) none.

2. The change in free energy at equilibrium is: a) increased; b) decreased; c) no net change

3. You have a gram of each of the following: bacon grease, lean ground turkey and bread. Which on has more potential energy and why? a) bacon/fewer bonds; b) turkey/more bonds; c) bread/less bonds; d) grease/more bonds; e) turkey/less bonds; ab) bread/more bonds; ac) all of these are equal; ad) none of them

• the anatomy and physiology of respiration (e.g., explain how breathing works);

A flow chart for this:

Describe the various stages that a neuron goes through when it receives excitatory neurotransmitters, and when it receives inhibitory neurotransmitters. You should be able to use the following terms accurately in your description: polarized, resting potential, action potential threshold, depolarize, repolarize, hyperpolarize, absolute refractory period, and relative refractory period.

Do a study of the two-point threshold. Have a friend take a pair of scissors and, with the blades closed, touch you lightly on the forearm with the points while your eyes are closed. Have your friend open the blades slightly and touch you with both points at the same time. Have your friend continue to spread the blades and touch you just to the point at which you can feel both blades. Now measure the distance between the points of the scissor blades. This is the two-point threshold. Repeat this procedure for different parts of your body (e.g., finger, palm, neck, back, foot, thigh). Record your measurements of the two-point thresholds for each body part. Thinking carefully about what you have learned about the brain in this experiment, write up your results and try to explain them. (Note: You do not need to know anything about touch sensation to write this essay.) Be sure to address the following questions: Does the two-point threshold differ across your body? Report your actual measurements of the two-point threshold and use those measurements as the basis of your discussion. Given what you know about the brain, why might the differences that you found exist? Imagine that you had suffered damage to some specific part of your cerebral cortex. Would your ability to detect touches on your skin be impaired? Might this depend on which part(s) of your cortex had been damaged? Explain. Why do you think certain body parts might be "overrepresented" in the human cortex? (Hint: One way to think about this question is to consider why having certain parts of the body be overrepresented in the brain might be adaptive? What in human experience could have lead those parts to be overrepresented?)

1. Air pollution is a climate that "harms" our health and think of how you might explain the problem to someone who says "climate has no effect on health". Write a brief paragraph: state the "harm" and what's causing it. Give an example of the negative health impacts (what happens if someone is affected by this?). List 3 things someone could do to protect themselves from this. Cite your sources!
2. Let's learn about medical marijuana. Find a reputable website with information about medical marijuana. Answer the following: List 5 conditions/health symptoms that medical marijuana *might* help. List 5 potential benefits of medicinal marijuana. List 3 potential negative side effects of use. Briefly answer the question: Is medical marijuana legal in the state of Ohio? How does someone get it? Cite your sources

Do any of these sources undergo transformation processes when applied to the soil and before being absorbed by plants? Does this affect the rate of uptake by plants?

5.9% nitrate nitrogen, 3.9% ammoniacal nitrogen, and 10.2% urea nitrogen.

Can the levels of nitrogen given to the plants during their growth phase induce the synthesis of nitrate reductase by plant tissue?

The first enzyme in the set of plant reduction reactions is nitrate reductase. What factors affect the transcription and translation of nitrate reductase?

Compare and contrast the activity of GLUT-1 and the glucose/Na transporter protein.

1. After several weeks of staining procedures, explain how fixation and staining reveals additional information about a microscopic object.

2. You have discovered a new kind of microbe, never observed before. What kind of questions about this microbe might be answered by light microscopy? What questions would be better addressed by electron microscopy