Evaluate a food label to determine how the food fits into your nutrient needs.

A young female college student develops a cough and diarrhea with an elevated respiratory rate and high temperature. She also had enlarged tonsils. She has been having similar symptoms on a regular basis. After some blood work on this patient, it was determined that this patient, along with her sisters, had a deficiency in C8 protein.

1. What is the role of the C8 protein?
2. What is the ultimate goal of the terminal phase (membrane attack complex) of the complement cascade?
3. How can this deficiency be beneficial to a blood product recipient?
4. What impact would this deficiency have on bacteria?

Complement System - Host Resistance to Viral Infections

1. In what 3 ways does complement contribute to clearance of viruses (effector functions)?

a. What complement proteins are directly involved in each of these defenses?

What do the terms transmittance and absorbance mean in terms of sample concentration quantification?

The BCA assay is a common assay for protein quantification. Explain how it works for this purpose.

Using an evidence-based approach, argue either for or against the contention that evolution through natural selection with adaptive radiation is an overarching theoretical framework that explains the current diversity of living organisms.

in other words, what do you think of the above statement?

In Plant physiology

1. The control of development in plants is more “plastic” (“flexible”) than in animals. Provide one piece of experimental evidence that supports this statement.

2. Glutamate synthetase is central to nitrate assimilation. As a graduate student, you would like to study how this enzyme is regulated by the presences of nitrate in the environment. Describe the design of your experiment that will look at regulation of this enzyme by nitrate. Remember to include controls in your description

Describe how you could separate a mixture of cytochrome C, ferritin and an enzyme X (MW 450 kDa and pI 8.4) using only one chromatography column. Be sure to include the type of column, the type of gel or resin, and the conditions to ensure elution ( and separation) of the proteins.

1. Before reading info from the textbook, what did you believe about the amount of carbohydrate you should have in your diet?

2. After reading info from the textbook, why does the body require an adequate amount of the "good" carbohydrates? How will this knowledge impact your diet?

Use the article to answer these questions. Let me know if you need more information.

What question was asked?

Summarize the main points of the article—what is the primary goal or aim of the described study?

How was the question asked?

Summarize the main methods used in the study.

What did the authors find?

Summarize the major results of the study.

How does this article provide background information for quorum sensing in gingivitis?

Some possible questions you could address…How does this paper improve your knowledge of quorum sensing in gingivitis? Identify a key figure in the paper and describe its interpretation within the paper – How does the figure relate to what you may find in researching quorum sensing in gingivitis?

Article:

Bacterial Quorum Sensing and Microbial Community Interactions

ABSTRACT

Many bacteria use a cell-cell communication system called quorum sensing to coordinate population density-dependent changes in behavior. Quorum sensing involves the production of and response to diffusible or secreted signals, which can vary substantially across different types of bacteria. In many species, quorum sensing modulates virulence functions and is important for pathogenesis. Over the past half-century, there has been a significant accumulation of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms, signal structures, gene regulons, and behavioral responses associated with quorum-sensing systems in diverse bacteria. More recent studies have focused on understanding quorum sensing in the context of bacterial sociality. Studies of the role of quorum sensing in cooperative and competitive microbial interactions have revealed how quorum sensing coordinates interactions both within a species and between species. Such studies of quorum sensing as a social behavior have relied on the development of “synthetic ecological” models that use nonclonal bacterial populations. In this review, we discuss some of these models and recent advances in understanding how microbes might interact with one another using quorum sensing. The knowledge gained from these lines of investigation has the potential to guide studies of microbial sociality in natural settings and the design of new medicines and therapies to treat bacterial infections.

Which food groups are often missing from high-calorie, energy-dense diets?

According to the abc model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels? Please explain your answer.

1. What are the reproductive strategies for plant reproduction?

A microelectrode delivers a current pulse that depolarizes the presynaptic terminal above threshold. Describe the events that occur (in molecular detail) immediately after depolarization. Your answer should finish with the response of the postsynaptic neuron. The presynaptic neuron releases ACh and the postsynaptic neuron has ionotropic AChR.

what channels are activated in terminal?

what currents flows through the membrane? What direction? Why?

what are all the proteins involved in the release of ACh vesicles?

mechanism?

1) All living organisms, including bacteria, plants, humans and other animals, are made up of one or more cells. Explain why all living organisms need to have DNA. Include the words genes and proteins in your explanation.

2)Explain how a difference in the sequence of nucleotides in a gene could result in one boy being albino and the other boy having normal skin and hair color.

3)Copy and complete this chart to describe how a person's DNA determines whether he has hemophilia. (Hint: begin by completing the bottom box in the protein column.)

4) Explain why a cell needs to replicate its DNA before the cell divides into two daughter cells.