In: Biology
2. Why do cancer cells utilize glycolysis over respiration? The prevailing theory is that they choose to divert glycolytic intermediates into biosynthetic pathways in order to support cellular proliferation. Briefly describe two of these biosynthetic pathways, including the enzymes and metabolites involved, and any cancer-associated alterations (up-down-regulation).
*Please type answer, written answers are hard to read
Normal non cancerious cell mainly depend upon oxidative phosphorylation for ATP generation, over glycolysis.But cancer cell rely on glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation fot ATP generation from glucose even there is adequate supply of oxygen,where glycolysis produce only 7 ATP, which is very less,thus cancer cell proliferate rapidly to in order to produce large amount of ATP.
In cancer cell glycolysis produces pyruvate which converts into lactic acid in presence of lactate dehydrogense, and elevates pentose phosphate pathway, which generate large amount of NADH,to protect cancer cell from reactive oxygen species.by providing antioxidant property to cancer cell.
There are two biosynthetic pathways are favoured by cancer cell
1) Glycolysis
2) pentose phosphate pathway
REGULATION OF CANCER CELL
P53 regulates the activity of cancer cell glucose metabolism by
1) Repressing glucose transporter which lead to overexpression of GLUT PROTEIN ,causes increse in glucose uptake in the cell.
2)p53 also regulates the production of lactic acid, as lactate concentration decreses the PH of the cell.