Question

what are the types of antigen secreted by hookworm into a human body and what do they do?

Answer 1

Two types of hookworm generally infect human body Ancylostoma duodenale and necatar americanus.

Hookworms reside in small intestine where they attatch to intestinal mucosa with plates and feed on host mucosa and blood.female worms produce egg which pass out through host faeces to soil.the hatched larvae feeds on microorganisms and molts twice.this stage is called L3 it is infective stage it penetrates through skin.within the mucosa they damage the mucosa they release excreatory secretory product.the damaged cells release alarmin which along witb the secretory product acts on dendritic cell and type 2 innate lymphoid cell which in turn induce development of t helper 2 cells.t helper cells through IL4 and IL13 stimulate the b cells to produce Ige antibody.t helper also secretes IL5 which activates eosinophils.

The hookworm interupt the nutrients acquisition by host.it ingest and digest host blood.which results in iron deficiency and microcytic anemia or iron deficiency anemia.it suppreses the host response to parasite and antigen.

They are transmitted through soil as the infected larvae remains in soil

The larvae of hookworm as a main chance to infect the humqn body it can penetrate through skin.

Antihelminthic like albendazole and mebendazole are use to treat hookworm infection.