I need the results of the F1 and F2 generation using Punnet Square for:

1. Monohybrid cross between Parent gen. phenotypes scarlet and sepia drosophila

2. Dihybrid cross between Parent gen. phentotypes scarlet and yellow drosophila

with ratios.

TCA cycles, starting from two pyruvates to 6 CO2, generate 2 ATP, 8 NADH, and 2 FADH. How many ATPs are generated at each of the following processes? (use the data given here and the conversion factors 1 NADH=3 ATP, 1 FADH=2 ATP)

1) Substrate-level phosphorylation

2) Oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic respiration)

3) All ATP produced (both substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation)

1. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins because their structures include a hydrocarbon chain.True or False

2. Which form of vitamin E is maintained in plasma and used by the body?

3. Multiple Choice

A. Beta-tocopherol

B. Alpha-tocopherol

C. Gamma-tocopherol

D. Delta-tocopherol

4. During commercial refinement of flour, most of the vitamin E that was naturally in the wheat is lost. True or False

5. Long-term vitamin E deficiency may result in _______. Select all that apply.

A.nerve damage

B. impaired immune system function

C. blindness

D. increased retinol synthesis

Describe the results you would get back if you performed a Chip-Seq experiment for an E. coli strain containing plasmid RK2, to investigate where DnaA-ATP binding occurs throughout the genome. Will you find sequences from multiple regions of the genome?

What are the three types of FDA meetings? How are these meetings arranged?

Global CO2 concentration is rising rapidly. Which type of plants are more likely to benefit from the increased CO2 concentration?

C3 plants benefit most.

Reason why?

List out the 3 different genes and their respective responses in plants that you came across, that help plants respond to different signals

. A wild-type Hfr is mated to an F- strain that is io+ zy- . In the absence of inducer and glucose what should happen to β-galactosidase levels immediately after the mating (increase, decrease, or stay the same)? a. Explain your answer. b. Describe what would happen if the F- recipients were i+ oc zy- . c. In diploids, would you expect cap+ to be dominant or recessive to cap- ? Refer to lac expression and describe the phenotype of cap+ , cap- , and cap+ /cap- bacteria. d. What would be the effect on lac operon expression of a mutation in cap that caused it to bind to DNA in the absence of cyclic AMP?

. β-Galactosidase (lacZ) has bifunctional activity. It hydrolyzes lactose to galactose and glucose and catalyzes the intramolecular isomerization of lactose to allolactose. β-Galactosidase promotes the isomerization by means of an acceptor site that binds glucose after its cleavage from lactose and thus delays its exit from the site. Allolactose, not lactose, is the natural inducer for the lac operon. a. Would you expect β-galactosidase to be induced in a zy+ mutant upon the addition of lactose? Upon the addition of allolactose? b. Would you expect β-galactoside permease to be induced in a z+ y- mutant upon the addition of lactose? Upon the addition of allolactose? c. Can you suggest a reason why cells synthesize low levels of β-galactosidase and permease even when there is absolutely no lactose in the medium?

I am testing the effects of a new drug, and find that liver cells treated with this drug show the following effects:

-Reduced levels of AcCoA in the mitochondria

-Increased rates of gluconeogenesis

-Increased production of lactate

The drug, however, has no effect on Red Blood Cells (RBCs).

Why does the drug not have an effect on Red Blood Cells? What is the drug inhibiting/assisting? What other conclusions can be made with this information? (Open ended question, there are no wrong answers!)

How important is informed consent in relation to human research? Make sure to provide clear examples to illustrate key points.

Communities have no defined spatial or temporal extent. Using the information and studies discussed in class (e.g., Ricklefs 2008, or Brooker et al. 2009) or examples from the primary literature (peer-reviewed articles), in what context or at what scale is community ecology most useful? Does community ecology fail at any spatial or temporal scale of study? Consider the scales of study from molecular/genomic studies to research on continents or biomes, with population, community, and ecosystem ecology in the middle.

1.Discuss how ecosystem structure/function and species richness/diversity are tied to one another in terms of structure and function determining diversity, and diversity determining structure and function. How might these effects be different at local compared to global scales?