Question

1. Understand where CO2, H2O, O2, CH2O (sugar), light, NADP+, ADP+Pi, NADPH, and ATP figure into Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle.

2. What is an absorbance spectra? an action spectra?

3. Be able to describe how a photosystem harvests light energy from photons.

4. Compare and contrast ETC and chemiosmosis in the chloroplast vs. the mitochondria.

5. What are the inputs to the Calvin Cycle of CO2, RuBP, ATP, and NADPH per G3P molecule? What are rubisco and RuBP?

PLEASE ANSWER ALL :)

Answer 1

1.

Calvin cycle-

2.. An absorption spectrum explains the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, or light, plants absorb. This depends on the cellular and molecular build-up of the plant. An action spectrum defines the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation most effective for photosynthesis.

3. The light-harvesting complex is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants called antenna molecules which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction centre of a photosystem like P700 for photosystem 1 and p680 for photosystem 2.

4. In mitochondria, protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, before diffusing back into the matrix whereas in chloroplasts the protons are pumped into the thylakoids across the thylakoid membrane, before diffusing back out into the stroma part of the chloroplast.

In chloroplast ATP synthase is embedded into the thylakoid membrane whereas in mitochondria ATP synthase is embedded into the cristae.

5.  The inputs are carbon dioxide from the air and the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions.

RuBisCO is an enzyme involved with the Calvin Cycle that catalyzes an important step in carbon fixation. RuBP is the substrate that the enzyme Rubisco uses to fix carbon dioxide and ultimately generate two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which is later reduced to create glucose in the Calvin Cycle.