2) The origin of life on our planet can be traced back to an early primordial soup and to the origin of RNA. What is the RNA world? Name of the characteristics of RNA as one of the most flexible molecules that kick-stared complex life. (This is an essay question for Biology 1000, please be sure of your answer and I will rate high).

What are similarities and difference among sweet, umami and bitter taste receptors?

for the following groups of organisms, which would be a better fit for their evolutionary history, Arrangement 1 or 2? Come up with a brief list of characteristics that some of the organisms share or don't share to support your argument

A. North american large mammals: raccoons, badgers, seals, and bears

B. North american birds: owls, geese, ducks, and eagles

C. North american small mammals: squirrels, otters, possums, and armadillos

condition swyer syndrome

2a) _compare what type of gonads develop in the condition you chose versus typical development of individual with the same genotype (sex chromosomes): 2b) _compare what type of internal genitals develop in the condition you chose versus typical development of individual with the same genotype (sex chromosomes):

condition swyer syndrome .

Compare the development of the individual with the condition you chose in question #1 with the development of an individual of the same sex chromosome set, but without any of the mutations that caused the condition

A mountain climber ascends to an altitude where the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is very low.

a. What happens to the climber’s ventilation rate?

b. Which chemoreceptor (oxygen or carbon dioxide/pH) would cause this change in ventilation rate at high altitude? Your answer should reflect that you know the stimuli for change in ventilation rate under different conditions

c. What happens to plasma concentrations of carbon dioxide after a period of time hyperventilation?

d. What happens to plasma pH after a period of time at high altitude? Your answer should reflect that you understand the relationship between CO2 levels and pH.

e. What happens to levels of erythropoietin in the blood after a period of time at high elevations? Your answer should include the stimulus for the release of EPO

f. How does a low concentration of oxygen in the alveoli affect the state of contraction of pulmonary arterioles?

g. Explain why pulmonary edema is a symptom of altitude sickness. Your answer should demonstrate your understanding of fluid exchanges at the capillary level

does methotrexate inhibit folic acid synthesis or Thymidylate synthase?

1. Papain and pepsin are not the only enzymes that can digest antibodies. Find one example of another enzyme that can digest antibodies and answer the following. (~150-200 words total)

1. Describe any similarities or differences in the theoretical antibody fragments generated using this enzyme as compared to pepsin and papain. Use a figure to support your answer.
2. What results would you expect to see in a haemagglutination assay and on non-reducing and reducing SDS-PAGE gels after digesting rabbit anti-SRBC IgG using this enzyme? Include simple diagrams to illustrate your answer.

Describe the life cycle of a (-)RNA virus. (no pictures or diagrams)

I need to know this information about Streptococcus mutans (tooth decay)  please. PLEASE BE CLEAR AND ABLE TO UNDERSTAND IT I WILL RATE.

-ETIOLOGY:

Reservoir:  

I need to know all this information about Streptococcus mutans (tooth decay) please. PLEASE BE CLEAR AND ABLE TO UNDERSTAND IT I WILL RATE.

-Virulence (Describe ability to cause disease; how are host defense inhibited or evaded; how does microbe gain nutrition from host)

-Epidemiology (Incidence, Prevalence, Person, Place, Time, Relative facts)

What does a TSI tube with a red slant and a yellow buttom inducate? A yellow slant and a yellow buttom indicate?

which of the following organisms controls its body temperature by means of its behavior?

a) turkey

b) iguana

c) Hamster

The Gila wood pecker is a bird of the Sonoran  desert int southwest US and northwestern Mexico. the bird as close relationship with saguaro cactus. in which the bird makes nesting holes in the older., thicker sections of the plant without damaging it. in turn, the bird will eat diseased and parasitized parts of the cactus, as well as any cactus0eating insects, which of the following best describes the interactions between Gila woodpeckers and saguaro cats?

a) Facilitation

b) mutualism

c) parasitism

it is hypothesized that if a major nuclear war occurs, a layer of smoke and dust int the atmosphere would block the sun's rays. which of the following ecosystems would likely last the longest after this disaster?

1) mid-Atlantic deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem

2) Malaysian tropical rainforest ecosystem

3) North American temperate grassland ecosystem

4) north Africa desert ecosystem

Some mammalian hormones, such as thyroid hormone and prolactin, have different effects on other vertebrates. this likely indicates that these hormones.........

a) are nonspecific in their effects

b) are evolutionarily conserved

c) combine with many different receptors

5. Discuss how survivorship curves would be altered in general for each of the following future scenarios: Give details about the changes of the curves.

a) If HIV continues to increase and no cure is discovered.

b) If medical advances continue and most diseases and infant mortality are eliminated.

c)If environmental contamination continues and pollution-related diseases increase.