1. Only a portion of the duration of a single twitch includes increasing tension within a muscle fiber.
   1. What are the three main phases/periods of a muscle contraction?
   2. During which portion(s) (name the period) of a twitch is tension NOT increasing. Clearly explain why in each case.

c. What are all the steps involved in a single twitch that happen during this period without tension?

Reflect on your personal experiences and environment. List 3 ways in which you may have been exposed to common endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC). Can you imagine changes to either your personal habits and/or community policies that could help protect you and others from continued EDC exposure? Propose your changes here

Describe how methylation occurs on newly replicated DNA

Congenital defects in glycogen metabolism can have serious negative effects on human health. Below are several examples taken from box 15.4 in the text. For each example, state how glucose glycogen metabolism is likely altered from an inherited mutation to the stated enzyme (assume these mutations cause the enzymes to lose their normal function).

1. The “Type 0” glycogen storage disease (liver) is caused by glycogen synthase (GYS). Symptoms include low blood glucose, high ketone bodies, early death.
2. The “Type Ia (Von Gierke)” glycogen storage disease (liver) is caused by Glucose 6-phosphatase. Symptoms include enlarged liver and kidney failure.
3. The “Type VII (Tarui)” glycogen storage disease (muscle) is caused by PFK-1. Symptoms include muscle exercise cramps.

Please answer with explanation. Thank you!

determine the distances between the genes, coefficient of coincidence, and interference. Show all calculations. (create pairs eg wfm and +++ are a parental pair)

A mother has blood type AB and a father has blood type O and they have a child together. What is the probability that their child will have O blood type like the father? 8. If blood is needed to be given to the mother and AB blood type is not available, what other blood types can the mother receive (not considering Rh factor)? Explain your answer. Explain why a person with AO genotype has the same phenotype (blood type A) as a person with AA genotype.

Question 20

An example of a suppressor mutation would be

Question 23

The mechanism for reactive oxygen species to cause mutation is

Discuss the morphology, staining characteristics, growth requirements, or other diagnostic criteria and clinical significance of 4 different bacteria that you studied this semester. While your choices should cover both Gram positives and Gram-negatives as well as rods and cocci, the emphasis should be on the clinical aspects which may include possible treatment.

Pick 3 different subphylla of protozoan parasites and discuss the clinical syndrome associated with a representative genus of each

what is the role of hypothalamus in gender identity?

List two classes/types of antibiotic for each of the following targets: Cell wall Synthesis and Protein Synthesis. Describe how this class of antibiotics specifically work and why this makes them selectively toxic.

1. Without or under limited oxygen, respiration switches to fermentation. In humans this process breaks down glucose to yield

A) 2 ethanol, 2 ATP

B) 2 lactate, 2 ATP

C) 2 ethanol, 29 ATP

D) 2 lactate, 29 ATP

2. Rubisco is

A) the enzyme that fixes CO₂ to RuBP

B) a slow enzyme

C) an enzyme that can catalyze two different reactions

D)  All of the above

3. Photosynthesis consists of which two set of reactions that are linked by redox reactions to generate chemical energy

A) light capturing reactions and splitting water  

B) light capturing reactions and chemiosmosis

C) light capturing reactions and Kelvin cycle

D) light capturing reactions and oxidative phosphorylation

4. The M-phase of a somatic cell consists of

A) DNA replications, mitosis

B) meiosis, cytokinesis

C) mitosis, cytokinesis

D) DNA replication, meiosis

Which of the following is correctively matched?