In the glycolytic pathway, the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase catalyzes the conversion of of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, which is then immediately utilized by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate hydrogenase to continue through glycolysis. In an experimental cell culture model, inhibition of triose phosphate isomerase leads to cell death in anaerobic conditions. These cells survive, however under aerobic conditions. Please explain these findings. In your answer consider the energy production in aerobic vs. anaerobic metabolism.

Inborn errors of metabolism are disorders resulting from genetic defects of metabolic genes that regulate energy metabolism. Although rare, there are 2 reported inborn errors of metabolism affecting the process of gluconeogenesis. The first results in a deficiency of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBPase) and the second results in a deficiency in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK). Both deficiencies present with the symptom of hypoglycermia (low blood glucose) early in life during periods of fasting. a) What are three main sources of glucose normally used to maintain euglycemia (normal blood glucose) in healthy individuals? b) Explain how deficiencies in either FBPase or PEPCK can lead to this symptom specifically during fasting. BE SURE TO REFERENCE THE SOURCES THAT YOU LISTED IN PART A. c) The hypoglycemia associated with PEPCK is often less frequent and less profound than in FBPase deficiency. Please explain this (hint think about the precursors for gluconeogenesis and how they are utilized within the gluconeogenenic pathway).

1.) If two DNA strands were aligned parallel to one another, would you see a lagging strand? Why?

2.) Breifly describe how telomeres shorten after DNA replication.

can any one give me a good explanation for this two questions please?

How do long chain fatty acyl-CoA molecules regulate acetyl CoA carboxylase? please Explain also why this regulation makes sense.

Time 11:55 AM.

A sixteen-year-old girl is rushed to the emergency room due to extreme fatigue during P.E.

Patient History

- Since young she has had recurrent episodes of extreme fatigue.

- Episodes occurred only if she fasted for more than 8 hours

- Her mother routinely gave her food late at night and woke her early for breakfast

- Her developed height and weight are normal

- Today, she missed breakfast and by noon was extremely fatigued.

Treatment in ER

- At the hospital she was immediately given glucose intravenously. Her symptoms

responded dramatically.

Her initial blood work showed:

Serum glucose was low (38 mg/dl; normal is 70-100)

Blood urea slightly elevated

Free fatty acid levels were elevated

Ketone bodies were below normal

1. What is wrong with her? Explain.

2. Which enzyme is defective? Explain.

3. What treatment will help her? Explain.

You want to study ribosomes in plant cells and plan to use a protocol based on ultracentrifugation in cesium chloride (CsCl) in order to isolate these structures. What do you expect to find?
   A.  
Only 70S ribosomes
    B.  
Both 70 and 80S ribosomes
    C.  
Plants are boring
    D.  
Only 80S ribosomes

what kind of hormones is produced during child's birth

a. Why does hemoglobin bind so much more readily to a second and third molecule of oxygen than to the first? b. why is the deoxyhemoglobin and the oxyhemoglobin so intensely colored? c. How is carbon dioxide really removed from the cells (it does not bind to the hemoglobin)?

What are some major differences between making transgenic mice by microinjection and creating knockout mice by homologous recombination (before the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 technology)?

Q.For most animals, digestion of food occurs:
a. in the cytoplasm of intestinal mucosal cells. b. in the oral cavity.
c. in the coelomic body cavity.
d. in the lumen of the digestive tract.
e. in the crop.

Q. The primary effects of glucagon include:
a. stimulating glucose uptake into cells.
b. stimulating muscle cells to synthesize glycogen.
c. controlling blood glucose in the absence of insulin.

d. stimulating cells to store energy as fat.

e. all of the above.

Q.How does sodium co-transport facilitate glucose absorption?
a. active transport of sodium aids in salt uptake.
b. when sodium diffuses into cells, the carrier also binds a glucose molecule.

c. when sodium is pumped into cells, glucose moves out of the cells.
d. sodium and glucose both diffuse into cells from the lumen of the gut.
e. glucose is actively transported into the gut.

Explain the process of how a protein is sequenced from start to finish. In your answer, clearly identify the role of 2-mercaptoethanol, dansyl chloride, phenylisothiocyanate, and trifluoroacetic acid.

What geological occurrence did the Permian-Triassic, Triassic-Jurassic and Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions have in common?