It is now common to find MRSA and other resistant microbes in the hospital. How would these likely appear on a Kirby-Bauer plate?

a. There would be sensitivity

b. There would be no zones

c. There would be no growth

d. There would be large zones

Which statement is false regarding DNA/RNA isolation?

a) Remove protein: proteinase K, pronase, phenol/CHCl3

b) Concentrate with EtOH + salt

c) DNA: DNAase denatured by heat (650C), EDTA

d) RNA: RNAase – very unstable, need to inhibit RNAases (cellular or extraneous)

Five social impact of the COVID19 crisis towards society. Write more than 800 words

Recent advances in molecular techniques have allowed scientists to successfully extract proteins and DNA fragments from extinct animals found in museum collections or the recent fossil record. In the near future, it may be possible to clone previously extinct organisms such as mammoths. What are your opinions on cloning extinct species?

1. Explain the structural unit of the eukaryotic nucleosome, including DNA and protein components. In addition, describe how the nucleosome is assembled. Be specific regarding the number and type of the subunits and how these subunits are put together to make the entire nucleosome.
2. Explain what chromosomal mutations are, give and explain four examples, and tell me how these errors contribute to genetic variation.

1.The RDA for protein is 0.8 grams/kg of body weight. What would be the recommended amount of protein for a 170 pound male who is 5 feet, 10 inches tall?  Remember: kg body wt= body wt in pounds / 2.2

55 grams

49 grams

62 grams

85 grams

2.Which of the following describes a process in protein synthesis?

The amino acid sequence to make a protein is copied from the DNA by messenger (mRNA).

Protein synthesized in the bloodstream

The function of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to assist in the absorption of amino acids in the diet

The ribosomes leave the nucleus and go into the cytosol of the cell

Explain cellular respiration as if you were talking to a 5th grader - that means that you need to define ALL biology vocabulary that you use. Be creative in your explanation, WHICH MUST INCUDE:

• Three stages: Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation and Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain
• Draw a picture to support your explanation

1.Type of fiber that slows gastric emptying and lowers blood glucose.

Polysassacharide

Soluble

HDL

Insoluble

2.What is meant by Amino Acid Sequence?

Number of side chains in the protein

Folding arrangement of the peptide chain

Order of amino acids in the peptide chain

Order of the essential amino acids in the protein

1.Cholesterol is:

essential for good health, but cannont be made by the body in sufficient amounts

found in foods of plant origin

precursor of vitamin C

found only in foods of animal origin

2.Hydrogenation is a process that increases the shelf life of foods by:

changing a solid to a liquid form

adding preservatives to the food

changes an unsaturated fat into a saturated one to stabilize the fat

increasing the amount of fat in the product

CF is an autosomal recessive condition. A population of 387 individuals has 7 people with CF. If we assume that the CF gene is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

what is the estimated frequency of the CF allele? Give answer in decimal places

Describe how photosynthesis might play a direct role in the switch to flowering

11. The lacZ gene, responsible for lactose metabolism is an inducible gene regulated by a repressor protein. Answer the following questions regarding how this gene is regulated (3 pts each) a. What is the default setting in reference to the expression of lacZ? b. What role does lacI play in regulating the system? c. What happens when the system is exposed to lactose? d. What happens after the cell digests the lactose supply

Genetic Disorder: Argininosuccinic Aciduria (use for bottom section)

Mode of Inheritance: By an autosomal recessive trait

1. Photosynthetic organisms have mechanisms to protect the photosynthetic light reaction from environmental stresses. Take one or two examples for this, and explain the mechanism briefly.

2. Summarize how reactive oxygen species are generated in living cells and how they damage cell components and bio-molecules.