There have been a number of studies indicating that schizophrenia is a complex genetic disorder. Which of the following observations are most consistent with this hypothesis? (select two answers)

Siblings of individuals with schizophrenia have an elevated risk of developing schizophrenia.

In monozygotic twins, if one twin has schizophrenia, it is very rare that the other is affected.

Malnutrition in utero and certain infections may increase risk of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.

If you wanted to determine how many people were in your class, you would look around the room and count each individual. Even the smallest amounts of broth contain too many bacteria to count individually. To determine how many bacteria are in a given sample, microbiologists use a number of different methodologies including standard plate counts following serial dilutions, direct microscopic counts, determining the most probable number, using filtration followed by standard plate counts, measuring turbidity with a spectrophotometer, measuring the metabolic products of a population, and determining the dry weight of the cells in the culture. (1) Which of these methods are best to use to determine the number of viable cells? What do these methods have in common? (2) Which of these methods would you most likely use if you expected your density of cells to be very low? (3) Explain for which methodologies you might have to make a serial dilution and why dilutions may be necessary. (4) If you plated 1 ml of a 1:10,000 dilution and recovered an average of 27 colonies, how many cells per ml were there in the undiluted (stock) culture?

Can you pleasee answer these questions:

1. What are the mechanisms of tolerance used by resistant or engineered plants. Give an example.

2. What is the pesticidal crystal protein Bt.

3. What is Bt toxin mode of action, explain in detail.

Thank you in advance, I would appreciate it a lot, and I am grateful forever!!!

Discuss how the Human and Neanderthal OR1K1 proteins are similar and different including the implications on how this specific olfactory receptor may have functioned differently in Neanderthals compared to humans. Be sure to include the names of the amino acids that have changed and what impact you believe this change will have on the overall protein structure and function

BIOCHEM: Draw a Ramachandran plot for a 4-helix bundle protein.

*)Please walk me through how to draw the plot in detail if possible, as I really want to understand this concept well. Thank you!

is it a good idea to treat the flu with anti-bacterial antibiotics? Explain.

Explain what cells do (identify the role of an example cell, tissue, organ, system)

Classify cells based on their functions, size and shapes;

Sketch a cell, with key structural and functional specialisations noted;

Provide representative exemplar cells of the nervous and endocrine systems and relate their functional role to their morphological and subcellular specialisations;

Describe the structure and function of cell components and organelles; e.g. the cell membrane, cytoskeleton, the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, ribosomes, etc.;

Define and classify tissue types and their functions (epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues);

Provide examples of cells contained within tissues, how these are arranged into organs and systems (particularly in the context of the nervous and endocrine system).

Please list each different medical term in the following Case Study then provide a brief definition of each term.

A 44 years old male was brought into the hospital emergency room with complaints of thoracic angina. there was a suspension of the pneumonia so antibiotic were given but the patient continued to complain of persistent and worsening thoracic angina at which that point cardiac work up was ordered that involved having an electrocardiogram. the electrocardiogram diagnosed the patient with an acute myocardial infarction. most often is caused by an arterial thrombus.

An enzyme with a Vmax of 100 umol/minute and a Km of 10 uM was reacted with a irreversible active site specific inhibitor. After reaction with the inhibitor, the enzyme was assayed using a 2 mM concentration of substrate, and it gave a reaction rate of 20 umol/min. What percentage of the enzyme did the inhibitor inactivate?

Please explain a scenario describing location of bones or muscles using body directions. You may use quadrants, body cavities (abdominal, cranial, etc.), directional planes (frontal, sagittal, transverse) and/or (superior\inferior).

Streptococcus pyogenes

• Disease(s) information
• Number of cases and deaths per year information
• Transmission information
• Taxonomy information
• Signs and symptoms information
• Identification information
• Prevention and treatment information
• Sources information

On January 13, less than a week after COVID-19 was identified as the virus behind the outbreak in Wuhan, researchers at Cambridge-based biotech company Moderna proposed a vaccine to fight it. A little over two months later, on Monday morning, a pharmacist in Seattle injected Rebecca Sirull with that vaccine, making her the third person to be injected in a 45-person clinical trial, the first human trial in the country. To rush the vaccine to clinical trial, Moderna skipped animal testing, a somewhat extraordinary measure. Sirull, a healthy 25-year-old editorial coordinator at a research institute, will receive a second injection in a month and have her blood drawn regularly for more than a year. Should the test be successful, the more optimistic estimates suggest that a vaccine could be available in 12 to 18 months. Intelligencer spoke with Sirull about her decision to take part.

How did you hear about the trial?

I got a letter in the mail about a month ago saying they were putting together a registry for people who might potentially be interested if they were to go ahead with the trial. It said “email this address and we’ll add you to our list.” So I sent them a message just because I thought it was interesting and wanted to hear more and I got a call that same day or the day after that they were going ahead with the trial.

Why did you ultimately decide to participate?

I signed the consent last week. At that point the news around coronavirus, and the policies around it, had escalated a lot. Initially, when I answered the letter last month, it was just a curiosity. By last week, when I could choose yes or no, I realized this situation is actually pretty dire and it’s a really important thing to be a part of.

Did you discuss it with anyone beforehand?

I didn’t tell anyone until I’d actually decided to do it. I told my parents and a couple of friends after I signed up and it was set in stone that I would be doing it.

What happened on Monday?

I got to the clinic at 8 a.m. They have you fill out a questionnaire — it was the third time that we filled that out. It asked if you were feeling any symptoms of the flu or virus; if any of our behaviors have changed that would not allow us to be in the study. We did a drug test, a pregnancy test, a few different blood-draw tests for other things to make sure that we were still eligible. Then the pharmacist came in and gave the injection. The whole thing happened in 30 seconds or less, quick and painless. They sent us home with a form to fill out and a thermometer to record our temperature daily. They call every day to make sure we’re doing ok. I’ll go back for a follow-up visit on Monday.

What did they tell you about the vaccine?

They’ve been very transparent and open to answering any questions that I have. What they told us is that it’s not a live virus. We don’t actually get exposed to the coronavirus itself. The vaccine is made out of a messenger RNA sequence that teaches your body to produce a protein with a similar shape to the coronavirus and then they check and see if you’re able to produce antibodies that would be able to fight that protein if it were to come in contact with it in the future.

Did they give you any indication about the probability of this vaccine working?

I think they’re very hopeful, but I haven’t gotten a lot of detail about the exact percentages or probability that it will work.

You’re working from home in Seattle, under self-quarantine. It seems sort of counterintuitive to put someone who is testing a vaccine into self-quarantine and not coming in contact with the virus.

The test is not whether or not I get coronavirus. They do that with some types of vaccines, but for this one, the way they’re testing is by drawing my blood every week and looking at the number of antibodies that are in it. That’s what fights off the infection. If my body starts producing more antibodies, then they’ll know that it’s effective. So, the goal is not to give me the coronavirus.

Aha, I’m glad that’s not the goal, for your sake.

Pretty neat …

Did they mention any potential side effects?

It’s not a live virus, so most of the risks that they discussed have to do more with the site of injection itself (like redness or swelling). I’m monitoring myself for fever, cough, nausea, headache. All of the symptoms of the virus.

Did they tell you anything about how the vaccine was developed?

They didn’t do animal testing, which is usually part of vaccine trials. That step was skipped. That’s because they have made other vaccines that use this same technique as opposed to a live virus. Those other types of vaccines were shown to be either successful or not have huge risks to the participants. I believe that’s why they skipped the animal portion, since they had already done a similar concept for the flu. They had been experimenting using that same mRNA sequence, as opposed to live virus. It’s just applying that same theory to a new shape.

1. Which type of antigen preparation was she given?

2. What protein antigen of the coronavirus do you most suspect her cells will be expressing?

3. Think about how the antigen will ‘look’ to her immune system. What specific lymphocytes will be the primary response to this type of antigen preparation?

4. Edward Jenner tested his vaccine by challenging his gardener’s son with actual smallpox. Thankfully, that is not the way the success of this vaccine will be tested. How will they know if the vaccine is effective? What does that mean is happening in her body?