Question

In: Biology

1)Ravi and Jonathon, friends from high school, accidently meet each other in the doctor’s office. Each...

1)Ravi and Jonathon, friends from high school, accidently meet each other in the doctor’s office. Each is seeing the same gastro-intestinal specialist for health concerns, both related to digestion / intestinal problems. Ravi’s small intestines are not functioning properly while Jonathon is having an issue with the large intestines. In detail, describe what the two different parts of the intestines do and describe what symptoms each might be feeling

2- In the energy pathways of the cell (glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and oxidative phosphorylation) list where and how many ATP, NADH, FADH2, carbons and CO2 molecules are made or used.

3- Define the role of fermentation and lactic acid production in human cells.

4- Explain the reverse concept, which is how hydrolysis makes monomers etc

5-You should have a good understanding of the different blood types and how they are identified.

Expert Solution

1-

Small intestine run between the large intestine & stomach	Large intestine starts from where small intestine ends. It is shorter in length.
Narrow in diameter	Wider in diameter
Having 3 parts- Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum.	Having 3 parts- Colon, Caecum & Rectum
It mainly helps in the absorption	It helps in the absorption of water and electrolytes only and that too from the faecal matter.
It helps in the digestion after the secretion of digestive juices	It doesn't play any role in digestion and no secretion of digestive juices take place.
It contain villi for the absorption	It lacks villi.

Ravi might be having Symptoms like- Diarrhoea, Vomiting, Blood in stool, Sudden weight loss, Swelling in belly etc.

Jonathan might be having symptoms like- Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhoea, Gas, weakness, Inability to defeacate, Nausea, Loss of appetite etc.

2- Glycolysis:

Takes place in cytosol.

1 molecule of 6-Carbon glucose get converted into 2 molecule of 3-Carbon pyruvate.

1 ATP & 1 NADH get formed.

Kreb's Cycle:

Takes place in mitochondrial matrix.

4-Carbon molecule produced.

CO2 is released.

1 molecule each of ATP, NADH & FADH2 are formed.

Oxidative phosphorylation:

Takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

NADH & FADH2 donates electrons and get converted back to NAD+ & FAD respectively.

1 molecule of ATP is formed.

If this helps you then please Rate it positively. Thanks & Regards.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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