Question

What is vaccination? What is the role of vaccines in body? Give two examples when immediate response is needed by body to defend it, name this type of immunization.

Answer 1

Vaccination is a process that was developed by Edward Jenner. in this process an antigenic material which is immunogenic in nature is administered to the body to protect the individual from future infections when contracted with same infection for which the individual was vaccinated.

In the body, vaccines are seen as a foreign entity which has the capacity to elicit an immune response. this is called primary immune response. The primary response is weak and non-specific and generate memory cells. These memory cells belong to the adaptive immune system belonging both to Tcell and B cell branch. When the body of a vaccinated individual contracts the infection with the same strain against which it was vaccinated a secondary immune response is generated by B-, T-memory cells. These generate a stronger secondary response which help in combating the infection effectively.

Immediate immunization is needed in immunodeficient diseases where body is unable to plot a defensive immune response against any infection. such is the case in AIDS and leukemia. Such type of immunization maybe call artificial passive immunity since directly activated T-cells or Antibodies are administered.