Question

1)Which of the following is (are) required for evolution?

A) highly stable genome

B) competition

C) heritable traits

2) The National Toxicology Program reported in 2016 that cell phone radiation increased brain tumor growth in male rats. Radiation can cause damage and mutations to DNA.

Suppose you wished to study this further. You mate these rats and find that the offspring have normal incidence of tumors. You would conclude that the tumors were most likely due to______ .

A) changes to the stomatic cells

B) changes to the gonadal cells

C) changes to the cells

If on the other hand, the offspring also had increased tumor growth, then you would conclude that the_______ .

A) changes occur in the stem cells

B)changes occur in the germ cells

C) tumor tissue was transferred to the offspring

Cell phones emit________ radiation when talking than on standby.

A) more

B) less

That would suggest that using a hands-free headset may be beneficial in preventing brain tumors. Ironically, if the phone is kept in the pocket during a call using a headset, then the genetic changes would be_________ .

A) less severe

B) prevented

C) more likely to pass to the next generation

3) Which of the following point mutations would have little or no effect on cellular function?

A) mutation from AUA to AUG

B) mutation in exon

C) mutation from CUC to AUU

D) mutation from UUA to UUG

E)mutation in regulatory region

4) Why does gene duplication promote evolution?

A)duplicated genes are under less selective pressure

B)duplicated genes are less likely to mutate

C)duplicated genes do not promote evolution

5) Urokinase and chymotrypsin (a digestive enzyme) have one domain in common with each other. This suggests that:

A) they are part of a gene family

B) they evolved through exon shuffling

6) Match the term with the best definition:

Terms:                                                             Definitions:

Exon shuffling                                                 A)allows bacteria to become antibiotic resistant

Point mutation                                                 B)often has a neutral effect

Horizontal transfer                                           C)involves errors in replication of chromosome ends

                                                                        D) can only occur in eukaryotes

7) What can you conclude about genetic differences and similarities between humans, chimpanzees, and E. coli?

Most conserved genes: a) human accelerated genes b) polymerase c) ribosomal RNAs

Fairly conserved genes: a) human accelerated genes b) polymerase c) ribosomal RNAs

Least conserved genes: a) human accelerated genes b) polymerase c) ribosomal RNAs

Answer 1

1) All of the three A,B, and C are correct.

2) The correct option for first blank is A

This scenario shows that the offsprings are normal so the mutation must be in the somatic cells and hence it is not transferred to the next generation.

The correct option for second blank is B

This scenario states that the offsprings showed tumor growth that means, these mutations must be in ten germ cells so they are transfered to the next generation.

The correct option for third blank is A

Cell phones emit more radiation when they are used then when they are on standby.

The correct option for fourth blank is B

The mutations due to radiation can be prevented by using hand free headsets because this keep the cell phones away from you.

3) A and D are the correct options, but most appropriate is D

Beacuse AUG and AUA code for the aminoacid methionine. So if at all a mutation occur and change AUA to AUG it will still code for same aminoacid. But when AUG is muatated to AUA it can not perform the start codon function of the AUG.

The case is same with UUA and UUG, these two code for the aminoacid leucin.

4) correct option is A

Gene duplication is a process in which a copy of the existing gene is made. Then this copy allows for mutations and this do not have the pressure for selection. Beacuse the original gene is already present to perform the functions so their is no harm to the host with a mutation in this copy gene.

7) most conserved genes are of the ribosomal RNAs and fairly conserved are human accelerate genes.