Exposure to toxic materials can be hazardous to humans. What variables affect the amount of toxic material an organism will be exposed to? What effect do these variables have?

Researchers conducted a cohort study of the association between air pollution and asthma. The

rate ratio was 8.0, when comparing those exposed to high levels of air pollution with those

exposed to low levels of air pollution. Which of the following issues should the researchers

consider when making their study conclusions and when thinking about causality? Choose all

that apply and explain your choice.

a) The rate ratio of 8.0 indicates a strong association, which lends support for causality

b) Strong confounding may actually be causing the strong association seen

c) Other studies of the same exposure—health outcome association reported rate ratios in the

range of 1.5-3.0, less than the rate ratio of 8.0 seen in this study

d) The temporal sequence of the exposure and outcome should be known in order to draw

accurate conclusion.

Compare and Contrast carbohydrate catabolism and energy production in the following bacteria. a. Pseudomonas, an aerobic chemoheterotroph • b. Spirulina, and oxygenic photoautotroph • c. Ectothiorhodospira, an anoxygenic photoautotroph

Microbiology question:
Why would quorum sensing be associated with bioluminescence?

microbiology

what strategies are or might be effective to empower clients to make health decisions? How might these strategies also encourage clients to be accountable for their own health? Provide rationale for your response.

Explain the cellular process about how bile salts and Distilled Water affect the digestion of fats ?

How would the North Atlantic winter habitat be different if the Geat Auk still existed?

Identify THREE ways that sexual reproduction increases genetic variability. For each, explain how it increases genetic diversity among the offspring.

Draw a workflow of the original Sanger Sequencing and explain how the automated Sanger method is more efficient.

1. Determine if the alleged father can be the real father of the child. Answer True for Yes and False for No.

Mother is type A, child is type A, alleged father is type B

2.Diploid human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. The number of DNA molecules present in human cells during Metaphase of meiosis I and metaphase of mitosis is 92. True or False?

3.Determine whether the alleged father is the real father of the child. Answer True for Yes and False for No.

Mother is type O, child is type O, alleged father is type A

4.Determine if the alleged father can be the real father of the child. Answer True for Yes and False for No.

Mother is type AB, child is type AB, alleged father is type B

Glucose Catabolism

1) Aerobic cellular respiration

• Glycolysis, Citric Acid cycle, Electron Transport Chain etc.

2) Anaerobic Respiration

3) Fermentation

Name the three major pathways for glucose catabolism (on the top ^) and briefly describe them (names of major step, inputs, outputs). For inputs and outputs, consider both carbon-based molecules and energy-containing molecules.  

For each pathway, discuss:

• An example of a final electron acceptors for each pathway

• The relative electronegativity of the final electron acceptor (comparing the 3 pathways)

• Relative amount of ATP made  

• Whether the pathway is complete or incomplete oxidation

• Whether the pathway is aerobic or anaerobic

Thank you in advance :)

Part I: Mitosis

1. Where are the chromosomes during metaphase?

2. What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase? What happens to actual chromosomes in prophase?

3. When do the nucleoli disappear?

4. When do the nucleoli reappear?

5. How is cytokinesis different in plants and animals?

6. What is the result of mitosis?

7. What cytoskeletal structure makes up the spindle apparatus?

8. Does the ploidy level of the cell change because of mitosis?

9. What is the function of the centromere?

10. As our cell has centrioles, what type of cell are we modeling?

11. Which type of cytoskeletal element is involved in cytokinesis?

12. What is the purpose of mitosis in humans?

Part II: Meiosis

1. Do sister chromatids or homologs separate in Anaphase I?

2. How is Prophase I different from prophase II?

3. After which step are the cells haploid?

4. Are the four cells resulting from meiosis genetically identical?

5. What processes in meiosis contribute to genetic variation?

6. What is the purpose of meiosis in humans?

7. Where in humans does meiosis occur?

8. Are the cells resulting from meiosis haploid or diploid?

Transcription requires _____ to add nucleotides to form an new molecule.

Question 58 options:

Question 59 (2 points)

The large ribosomal subunit

Question 59 options:

Question 60 (2 points)

Which is the mRNA complement of the DNA sequence 3’ ATTCCGAGCTTA 5’?

Question 60 options:

Question 61 (2 points)

Which is the mRNA complement of the DNA sequence 5’ ACGGTCGGAT 3’

Question 61 options:

Question 62 (2 points)

During elongation, a new peptide (protein) is produced

Question 62 options:

Question 63 (2 points)

The stop codon causes

Question 63 options:

Question 64 (2 points)

The first stage of translation is known as:

Question 64 options:

Question 65 (2 points)

Which of the following transfer RNA binding sites are found on the ribosome?

Question 65 options:

Question 66 (2 points)

What type of mutation has occurred in the sample compared to the reference sequence?

Reference sequence: 5’ A T G C C T G A T T G C 3’

Sample sequence: 5’ A T G C C T T A T T G C 3’

Question 66 options:

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of allele A is 0.35. What is the percentage of the population that is homozygous for this allele?