Question

• Know the steps in the formation of blood clots and the substances involved (platelets, fibrinogen, fibrin)
• Know the various types of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke, and what causes them
• Know what hypertensionis and what health problems it can cause

Answer 1

Blood clotting occurs when there is damage to blood vessels.Blood flows continously through out the body for entire life.Blood clots helps in life saving by stop bleeding when a cut or damage occurs.

• Endothelial damage leads to exposure of collagen to platelets. Collagen binding with glycoprotien surface receptors promote activation of integrin which promote tight binding of platelets to extracellular matrix.
• Platelets stick to the walls were cut occured by changing shape and form a plug to stop blood from leaking out. Activated platelets release chemicals to attract more platelets and activate the contents of stored garnules in blood plasma
• Increase the Ca²⁺increases affinity to fibrionogen and cross link with fibrinogen and glycoprotien leads to aggregation of platelets.
• Clotting factor signal each other through chain reactions such as extinsic and intrinsic pathway and form cross linked strands of fibrin.It form a net with plugged platelets and trap more platelets in the net and makes the clot tougher.Protien factors helps to prevent the clotting factor to spread farter than required.
• When the damaged tissue heals , the fibrin strand dissolves and platelets return back to blood.

Please send the remainig questions as another set. So that I can able to answer it.