Question

Write:

trade and generic name

usual dose and frequency

Drug classification

Indications/use

Action/effect (what is expected patient response to MOA)

Main side Affect/Adverse reaction (any significant medical alert, warning, precaution, drug interactions, contraindications)

Nursing intervention ( vitals, patient teaching) of the following

amlodipine 5mg

ferrous sulfate 325mg

folic acid 1 mg

morphine sulfate 1 mg

Lorazepam 2mg

ondansetron 4mg

acetaminophen 650mg

atorvastatin calcium 80mg

Docusate sodium 100mg

Answer 1

AMLODIPINE 5mg: Amlodipine is an oral tablet and is available as a brand name: NORVASC. It belongs to a class of drugs called CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS. Amlodipine Besylate 5mg tablet is used to treat a) HYPERTENSION and b) ANGINA PECTORIS. The usual dose of amlodipine tablet is 5mg (ORALLY) once daily which may be increased to a maximum dose of 10mg depending on the patient's response. Amlodipine blocks calcium from entering certain tissues and arteries. This helps the blood to flow easily to the heart for pumping and reduces blood pressure and also reduces the risk of heart attack. The side effects of this tablets cause extreme sleepiness and others include a) swelling on ankles or feet b) difficulty in breathing c) dizziness d) increased heartbeat e) redness on face,neck and chest f) muscle pain and g) palpitations. It is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to amlodipine. INTERVENTIONS: a) Monitor blood pressure for therapeutic effectiveness. Blood pressure reduction is greatest after peak levels of amlodipine are achieved 6-8 hours following oral doses. b) monitor for signs and symptoms of dose-related peripheral or facial edema c) Monitor blood pressure with postural changes and report if any postural hypotesnsion occurs. d) Monitor more frequently when additional hypertensives or diuretics are added.

FERROUS SULFATE 325mg: The generic name of this tablet is FERROUS SULFATE and brand name: SORBIFER. It belongs to a class of drugs called ANTIANEMIC. The usual dose of ferrous sulfate is 310MG and can be given orally two times a day. The indication for this tablet is a) it prevents and treat iron deficiency anemias and b) is used as an iron supplement. It elevates the serum iron concentration which then helps to form or trapped in the reticuloendothelial cells for storage and eventually it converse to a usable form of iron. It is contraindicated in patients with a) hypersensitivity and b) severe hypotension.The side effects of these drugs include a) dizziness b) nausea and vomiting c) nasal congestion d) difficulty in breathing e) hypotension f) myocardial infarction g) muscle cramps h) flushing and i) presence of black stools. INTERVENTIONS: a) advice patient to take medications as prescribed b) instruct the patient to make positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension c) Avoid usage of alcohol or over the counter medicine without consulting the physician d) inform the patient that angina attacks may occur 30 minutes after administration due to reflex tachycardia e) monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and reticulocyte count during therapy f) Encourage patient to add proper diet, regular exercise, lifestyle changes and stress management along with the medicine.

FOLIC ACID 1mg: GENERIC NAME: Folic acid or folate.

TRADE NAME: Folvite.

CLASSIFICATION: Folic acid, Vitamin supplement.

DOSAGE AND ROUTE: Tablets - 1mg ( tablet form and can be given orally), 5mg/ml ( injection form, given intramuscularly, intravenously and subcutaneously).

ACTION: a) It is essential for the production of certain coenzymes in many metabolic systems such as purine and pyridamine synthesis. b) It is also essential in the synthesis and maintanence of nucleoprotein in erythropoesis and promotes WBC and platelet production in folate deficiency anaemia.

INDICATIONS: It is presecribed to treat a) megoblastic anaemia and b)nutritional deficiency.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: a) undiagnosed megaloblastic anaemia b) pernicious anaemia c) aplastic anaemia d) normocytic anaemia c) pregnant women d) infancy and e) childhood.

ADVERSE EFFECTS: a) GI disturbances b) hypersensitivity c) brochospasm.

INTERVENTIONS: a) In severe GI disturbances or any severe disease administer IM, IV or subcutaneously or in normal case it can be given orally b) Monitor patient for any hypersensitivity reactions c) use caution when giving them because parenteral preparations to premature infants and may produce a fatal gasping syndrome in infants due to the presence of benzyl alcohol in the drug.

MORPHINE SULFATE 1mg: BRAND NAME: Roxanol. CLASSIFICATION: Opioid agonist analgesic. DOSAGE AND ROUTE: Oral ( 15mg orally daily, as a single dose in evening), IM or subcutaneous ( 10mg/70kg fourth hourly as ordered by physician), IV ( 5-15mg/70kg of body weight in 4-5 ml of water for injection and is administered over 4-5minute), Rectal ( 10-30mg fourth hourly), Epidural ( initial dose of 5mg in the lumbar region may provide pain relief for upto 24 hours, if not achieved can increase the doses of 1-2mg or upto 10mg/24hours). INDICATIONS: a) relief to moderate to severe acute and chronic pain b) used as an pre-operative medication to sedate the patient c) acts as an analgesic adjunct during anaesthesia d) intraspinal use for the relief of intractable pain. ADVERSE REACTIONS: a) convulsions b) nausea, vomiting c) dry mouth d) constipation e) hypothermia f) puritus g) urticaria h) tachycardia i) bradicardia j) blurred vision k) lightheadedness l) dysphoria m) euphoria and n) urinary retention. CONTRAINDICATIONS: a) respiratory depession b) acute or severe asthma c) paralytic illeus d) acute liver disease e) pulmonary oedema f) increased intracranial pressure g) alcoholism h) obstructive airway disease. ACTION: It acts mainly on the central nervous system and smooth muscles, binds with CNS and alters pain perception and response. INTERVENTIONS:a) CAUTION NOT TO CHEW OR CRUSH b) Tell patient to lie down during IV administration c) KEEP OPIOID ANTAGONIST and facilities readily available during IV administration d) Reassure patients that they are unlikely to become addicted.

LORAZEPAM 2mg: BRAND NAME: Ativan. CLASSIFICATION: Benzodiazepine, Anxiolytic, Sedative-hynotic. DOSAGE AND ROUTE: Available in both tablets (2-6mg per day) and injection forms ( IM- maximum of 4mg administered atleast 2 hours before operative procedure. IV- initial dose is 2mg) ACTIONS: is a short acting benzodiazepine. It enhances the effect of GABA by modulating GABAA receptors. INDICATIONS: a) anxiety disorders b) pre-operative patients before surgery c) depression d) chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting and e) in acute alcohol withdrawal. CONTRAINDICATIONS: a) severe hepatic impairment b) respiratory depression c) glaucoma and d) in pregnancy and lactation. ADVERSE EFFECTS: The adverse effects of these drug includes a) drowsiness b) headache c) dizziness d) confusion e) blurred vision e) weakness f) unsteadiness and g) in respiratory depression. INTERVENTIONS: Sublingual administration is prefered for better absorption than oral route b) Donot use a solution that is discoloured or contain a precipitate for injection c) keep equipment to maintain a patient airway readily available when drug is given IV. d) Taper the dosage of injection gradually after long-term thearpy.