Fatty Acid Degradation a) Cells with decreased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity are more sensitive to oxidative...

Fatty Acid Degradation

a) Cells with decreased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity are more sensitive to oxidative stress because?

b) What cellular conditions typically enhance fatty acid degradation?

c) What molecule transports fatty acids into the mitochondria?

d) Hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are both ketone bodies derived during the degradation of fatty acids. How are ketone bodies used by the body?

Expert Solution

a) Glucose 6- phosphatase is an enzyme produced in body by maintaining NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) levels. And NADPH then maintains the levels of glutathione that helps in protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage due to reactive oxygen species(ROS). hence if its level are decreased then NADPH levels will also decrease and cell will be more prone to oxidative damage.

b)- Heart failure, Ischaemic heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathies are major leading causes of fatality in which there is an incraese in fatty acid degradation.

c) - Firstly long chain fatty acids are converted into fatty acyl carnitine in cytoplasm by action of enzyme malonyl Co-A(present on mitochondrial membrane).THen carnitine translocase transfers it from cytoplasm to mitochondrial matrix where it undergoes fatty acid oxidation.

d) - ketone bodies can be used as a sorce of energy by oxidation in mitochondria producing 22ATP and 2 GTP molecules. Hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate undego citric acid cycle and produce NADH & FADH which are source of energy.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

Suggest reasons why glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency may be manifested in red blood cells but not...

Suggest reasons why glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency may be manifested in red blood cells but not in adipocytes, which also require NADPH for their metabolism. Make sure to explain your reason.

From these pathways, the TCA cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, β-oxidation for fatty acid degradation,...

From these pathways, the TCA cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, β-oxidation for fatty acid degradation, ketone body metabolism, and lipid biosynthesis which ones are affected by low oxygen? Where in the cell do these pathways occur? Next, explain how reduced oxygen slows each pathway(s) identified. Once oxygen is no longer limiting, energy production resumes. Explain how the concentration of ATP increases with the availability of oxygen (detailed pathways and structures are NOT required). Next explain in detail how ATP...

Which statements about glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are correct? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option...

Which statements about glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are correct? Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A It catalyzes the committed step in the pentose phosphate pathway. B It is regulated by the availability of NAD+. C One of its products is 6-phosphogluconate. D It contains thiamine pyrophosphate as a cofactor. E It is important in the reduction of glutathione in erythrocytes.

84.The formation of glucose 6-phosphate renders the entry of glucose into most cells almost irreversible (i.e....

84.The formation of glucose 6-phosphate renders the entry of glucose into most cells almost irreversible (i.e. staying intracellular).True/False? 83.Glucagon targets primarily on liver to increase glycogen degradation.True/False? 82.The increase of glycogenolysis in muscle produced by epinephrine may be attributed to the conversion of phosphorylase b to phosphorylase a.True/False? 81.Measurement of blood ammonia level is a sensitive test of kidney function.True/False? 80.During starvation when gluconeogenesis increases to maintain the levels of blood glucose, the metabolism of glutamate to glucose-6-phosphate is enhanced.True/False?...

The role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase against reactive oxygen species in cellular defense (give example, evidence)

Which statement about glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is FALSE? a. The enzyme deficient causes the decrease...

Which statement about glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is FALSE? a. The enzyme deficient causes the decrease in NADPH production b. The deficient enzyme causes abnormal glob in production It is common inAfrica, Middle East, South East Asia and Mediterranean regions d. It is a male-dominant disease e. None of the above. All of the above statements are true for G6PD

Explain the impact of the body’s glucose levels on fatty acid catabolism and fatty acid synthesis...

Explain the impact of the body’s glucose levels on fatty acid catabolism and fatty acid synthesis (10 points).

draw the mechanism for aldolase with glucose-6-phosphate that indicates why glucose-6-phosphate is not an appropriate substrate...

draw the mechanism for aldolase with glucose-6-phosphate that indicates why glucose-6-phosphate is not an appropriate substrate in terms of efficienty having a convergent pathway

The X-linked allele for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (Gd-) also confers resistance to malaria. You make...

The X-linked allele for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (Gd-) also confers resistance to malaria. You make a microscopic examination of the blood of a woman suffering from malaria. You observe that about one-half of the cells contain parasites, whereas one-half of the cells are unaffected. Explain this result.

(Q001) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency) is an inherited disorder where either the body has less...

(Q001) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency) is an inherited disorder where either the body has less of the G6PD enzyme than normal or the available G6PD is not functioning correctly. This deficiency affects red blood cell function and may result in anemia (the destruction of red blood cells) when people with the condition have infections, are taking certain medications, or eat certain foods. People with G6PD deficiency may have some protection from malaria because their abnormal red blood cells interfere...

Question