A010) One of the most active (and best studied) earthquake-prone areas is the San Andreas transform fault that forms a plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate. Turn on the San Andreas Major Ruptures folder to see rupture extents for three major earthquakes that have affected the San Andreas– Fort Tejon (1857, Mag. 7.9), San Francisco (1906, Mag. 7.8), and Loma Prieta (1989, Mag. 6.9). Also, in the Layers panel, turn on Gallery > Earthquakes.
   
Plate Boundary Earthquakes - San Andreas Fault, Wallace Creek, CA. What is the sense of offset along the San Andreas Fault? (i.e., Walk along either segment of Wallace Creek toward the fault. At the fault, determine the direction you turn to find the offset segment of the stream across the fault.)

A011) Plate Boundary Earthquakes - San Andreas Fault, Wallace Creek, CA. Use the Ruler tool to determine the distance (m) that Wallace Creek has been offset by recent motion along the San Andreas Fault (measure between the Problem 11 placemarks).

A012) Plate Boundary Earthquakes - San Andreas Fault, Wallace Creek, CA. Assuming that slip accumulates along the fault at about 6 cm/yr, how many years might it have taken to accumulate the slip that was released to produce the observed offset of the stream?

A015) Plate Boundary Earthquakes - San Andreas Fault, CA. Keep the San Andreas Major Ruptures folder turned on to show the extents of segments of the San Andreas Fault that have slipped during major seismic events. Using seismic gap analysis (where segments of a fault that have not recently slipped form "gaps" of accumulating strain transferred from adjacent slipped fault segments that highlight areas of greater potential for a "seismic" event), which placemark highlights a segment of the San Andreas Fault that has a high risk for an earthquake?

Question 13 options:

A mixture of 75.0% propane and 25.0% H2 is burned with 25.0% excess air. Fractional conversions of 90.0% of the propane and 85.0% of the hydrogen are achieved. Of the propane that reacts, 95.0% form CO2 and the rest form CO. Draw the diagram and determine the flue gas (FG) composition (mol%) through an Orsat analysis. Use the elemental balance method.

The following are the details that may help:

1. The fuel contains C3H8 and H2 while air stream contains O2 and N2. This means that the fuel stream (F) is separated from the air stream

2. Aside from the 95% CO2 and (the rest that forms) CO, the flue gas (FG) also contains H2O, O2, and N2

3. The basis can be 100 mol F (fuel)

Use the following for this section: Na = 23.0 g/mol, Mg = 24.3 g/mol, Cl = 35.5 g/mo

1. Calculate the amount of sodium chloride required to make 200 mL of a 0.100 M sodium chloride solution. This is solution 1.
2. Calculate the amount of magnesium chloride required to make 200 mL of a 0.100 M magnesium chloride solution. This is solution 2.
3. Solution 3 is made by mixing 50 mL solution 1 and 50 mL solution 2. Calculate the chloride ion concentration in the resulting solution.
4. Solution 4 is made by mixing 50 mL solution 1 and 50 mL of a 0.20 M silver nitrate solution. Calculate the resulting sodium ion and chloride ion concentrations.

A plant that operates with Rankine cycle, has the following conditions: P1 = P2 = 10,000 kPa, T2 = 600 ° C, P3 = P4 = 10 kPa, η turbine = 0.8 and η pump = 0.75, power produced in the turbine = 80,000 kW. Calculate: inlet heat, outlet heat, steam flow, and thermal efficiency.

• A migrating fish would be rapidly transferring substances across cell membranes. These substances would include sodium, water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and steroids. Which of those would be most likely to be moved via active transport? Why?

What is the process to obtain biomass production

An example of an RCRA Corrective Action site is Boeing Plant 2 in Seattle, Washington. There was contamination of PCBs, PAHs, phthalates, semi-volatile organic compounds in the soil on-site and in surrounding waterways (including groundwater). Boeing still occupies the area and it is handling the cleanup, which is still ongoing. Part of their process has been implementing pilot projects that have reduced groundwater contamination by 98% (US EPA 2013). Since Boeing is still active on-site, RCRA Corrective Action is appropriate.

An example of a Superfund site is Quendall Terminals in the state of Washington. Located on Lake Washington, on 29 acres, this Superfund site was previously acreosote manufacturing and oil storage facility for many decades. Creosote, coal tar, and other hazardous chemicals have accumulated in groundwater, lake sediment and on land (US EPA 2019). While the lake is not used as a drinking water source, there are swimming beaches within a half-mile from the site (US EPA 2005). In 1999, the state’s Department of Ecology began contamination cleanup. Then in 2005, at the state’s request, EPA took over. The EPA requested the site’s responsible parties conduct a remedial investigation and feasibility study. The remedial study was completed in 2012 and the feasibility study completed in 2017 by the responsible parties. Public comments were received from September to October 2019 and the EPA’s final cleanup plan is scheduled (US EPA 2019). As the location is no longer in use and currently vacant, the CERCLA program is appropriate for this site. Additionally, there are plans to rezone and repurpose the location for residential use.

According to the post above pose questions about the position they took and/or how the regulation was applied?

Place the following energy states in order of their least net carbon dixide emission into the atmosphere, where 1. = lowest net carbon, and 5. = highest net carbon.

In your calculation, take into account:

1. How much carbon dioxide (or CO2 equivalent) is emitted per unit energy generated.
2. If the source is renewable, how much carbon dixide (or CO2 equivalent) is removed from the atmosphere each year by that resource.
3. How much energy is needed to produce and deliver that energy source.

Oils. Petroleum fractions, plant oils, and similar viscous substances, ccommonly combined with lighter distillates to form diesel fuels for truck and rail engines.   

Gaseous. Hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixtures present in gaseous state at room temperatures which, when combined with oxygen (burned) release heat and/or light.   

Solid fuels. Fossil carbonates (coals and peat), carbonized woody materials (coke, charcoals, and biochars), and lignite (woody) fuels including wood, pelletized grasses, etc. burned directly in their solid state.  

Distillates. Highly flammable liquids (liquid at room temperature) distilled from petroleum (gasoline), fermented plant starches (ethanol) and plant oils ("green" kerosene), used in both turbine (jet) and internal combustion engines.

Give your own examples of Heating Curve for water. Below I have kay questions.

1. Understand the different segments in the heating curve for H₂O that ranges from below the melting point to above the boiling point.

2. Calculate the energy changes associated with heating a substance (like H₂O) through a series of temperature changes and phase changes.

Please give your own examples of Phase Diagrams. Below I have key questions

3. Know that a phase diagram relates the states of matter for a substance to temperature and pressure.

4. Identify the main regions and significant points in a phase diagram.

5. Understand the effect of changes in temperature and changes in pressure on the phase of a substance as shown by its phase diagram.

1. If you started at 20 degrees North, and traveled 40 degrees North, you would be at:

(a) 40 degrees South

(b) 20 degrees South

(c) 40 degrees North

(d) 60 degrees North

2. A self-regulating association of living plants and animals and their nonliving physical environment is termed a/an _______________.

(a) ecosystem

(b) ecotone

(c) community

(d) niche

3. Which of the following sequences is arranged in order from shorter wavelength to longer wavelength?

(a) infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays

(b) X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared

(c) visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, infrared

(d) ultraviolet, visible, X-rays, infrared

4. The soil at the base of a hill slope is likely to be ____ compared to the soil on the slope.

(a) thicker

(b) wetter

(c) more nutrient-rich

(d) all of the above

5. Which type of weathering is limited to arid environments?

(a) Exfoliation

(b) Frost wedging

(c) Hydrolysis

(d) Salt crystal growth

6. Tropical cyclones are most likely to form in water that is:

(a) 12-18 degrees C

(b) 26-29 degrees C

(c) 38-42 degrees C

(d) 71-76 degrees C

7. You live in Miami Florida and you are planning a trip to visit your friend in Calgary, Canada. When should you plan your trip? Select the most correct statement.

(a) You should plan your trip in December because of the long days due to the earth being near its perihelion.

(b) You should plan your trip in March to coincide with the solstice.

(c) You should plan your trip in June to take advantage of the subsolar point being directly overhead.

(d) You should plan your trip in June to take advantage of the long days near the solstice.

8. Consider a swamp along the calm backwaters of a river flowing through a flat landscape. Given the nature of this environment which of the following sediments would be least likely to be deposited there?

(a) Gravel

(b) Sand

(c) Silt

(d) Clay

9. You would expect only slight physical and chemical weathering under natural conditions of

(a) lower mean annual rainfall and temperatures.

(b) temperatures below freezing.

(c) higher temperatures and lower precipitation.

(d) extreme cold and high precipitation.

10. The majority of the Earth's crust is composed of _____ rock.

(a) igneous

(b) metamorphic

(c) sedimentary

(d) carbonate

11. If you were really afraid of earthquakes, which of the following areas would be the safest to live on?

(a) Convergent plate boundary

(b) Divergent plate boundary

(c) Passive plate boundary

(d) Island arc along a subduction zone

12. When the leeward side of a mountain receives less precipitation than the windward side, this is called:

(a) orogenic precipitation.

(b) the mountain rain effect.

(c) the rainshadow effect.

(d) altoprecipitation losses.

13. Which of the following cities receives the most precipitation in July?

(a) Singapore

(b) Benares

(c) Charleston

(d) Dublin

14. Which of the following is not used to rate an earthquake on the Richter scale?

(a) The amount of fault slippage that occurred

(b) The size of the subsurface or surface area that ruptured

(c) The amount of death and destruction that occurred

(d) The nature of the ground materials affected by the quake

15. Energy flows through an ecosystem along a circuit called the

(a) food web.

(b) niche order.

(c) trophic place.

(d) food chain.

16. What is located at 55d45'N, 37d35'E?

(a) London, England

(b) Houston, TX

(c) Moscow, Russia

(d) Mexico City, Mexico

17. Which of the following cities has a climate most similar to that of San Francisco, California, US?

(a) Athens

(b) Charleston

(c) Dublin

(d) Williston

18. When the sun, the earth and the moon are in conjunction, the arrangement of these celestial bodies forms a _____ and it results in a _____ tidal range.

(a) line; largest

(b) line; smallest

(c) right angle; largest

(d) right angle; smallest

19. The height of a tsunami grows as it approaches a coastline primarily because

(a) its energy level increases.

(b) its wavelength shortens.

(c) the height of the surf is added to the height of the tsunami.

(d) none of the above is true -- the height of a tsunami remains constant from the time of its origin.

20. An 'A' in the Koppen climate classification system (as in Csa) indicates that

(a) summers are long and hot.

(b) summers are the driest time of year.

(c) winters are the wettest time of year.

(d) winters are long and cold.

21. Which of the following is true regardng mean sea level?

(a) A consistent value has yet to be determined due to all the variables.

(b) It is at the same level along the entire North American coast.

(c) It is calculated based on average tidal levels recorded hourly at a given site over many years.

(d) The sea level along the Gulf Coast is the lowest for the coasts of the lower 48 states.

22. Tornadoes in the United States occur as a result of the interaction of warm, moist _____ air masses with cold, dry ____ air masses.

(a) mT; cP

(b) cP; mT

(c) mP; cP

(d) mT; mP

23. The Earth's crust is roughly made up of _____________.

(a) mantle and core material.

(b) at least 14 plates capable of movement.

(c) a strong, unbroken material.

(d) a brittle, thin material that does not move.

24. The littoral zone extend inland to

(a) the foreshore dune.

(b) the backshore dune.

(c) the trough between the primary and secondary dune.

(d) the highest water line that occurs during a storm.

25. Which of the following is not exogenic in nature?

(a) Weathering

(b) Erosion

(c) Mass wasting

(d) Batholith formation

26. Find a Plate Tectonics map (in the atlas or the internet). Which plate is moving the fastest?

(a) African

(b) North American

(c) Indo-Australian

(d) Pacific

27. The Pacific Rim can be characterized as __________.

(a) a place of embayments.

(b) being dominated by estuaries.

(c) being dominated by barrier islands.

(d) tectonically active and emerging.

28. Consider a food chain in which a grasshopper eats grass, the grasshopper is eaten by a frog, and the frog is eaten by a snake. Given these relationships, which of the following is not correctly matched?

(a) grass -- autotroph

(b) grasshopper -- herbivore

(c) frog -- secondary consumer

(d) snake -- primary consumer

29. If you live in an area that was flooded by the 100-year flood last year, you can conclude that

(a) the next 100-year flood will occur in exactly 100 years.

(b) the next 100-year flood will occur in exactly 99 years.

(c) you could be flooded by the 100 year flood again this year.

(d) you can expect a 50 year flood in exactly 24 years.

30. On June 21st, the sun's declination is at

(a) the equator.

(b) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Alice Springs, Australia.

(c) the Tropic of Capricorn.

d) the Tropic of Cancer.

31. What is located at 50d51'N, 4d21'E?

(a) Brussels, Belgium

(b) Paris, France

(c) Hamburg, Germany

(d) Rome, Italy

32. The 1964 Good Friday earthquake in Alaska produced all of the following except:

(a) more than 80 mass movement events.

(b) rotational movements in an Anchorage subdivision.

(c) a Richter scale reading of 8.6.

(d) a strong earthquake but little mass wasting of the landscape.

33. What is located at 60d00'N, 85d00'W?

(a) Quebec, Canada

(b) Dublin, Ireland

(c) Lake Superior

d) Hudson Bay

34. A mass of air is saturated when it reaches the

(a) highest temperature of the day.

(b) lowest temperature of the day.

(c) dew point temperature.

(d) specific humidity point.

35. Look for a map of the Normal Annual Range in Temperature (on the atlas recommended in the syllabus or the internet). What part of the world has the largest annual rage in temperature based on this map?

(a) North Eastern Eurasia

(b) Central North America

(c) Australia

(d) The Indian Ocean

36. Beijing, China is located at:

(a) 68d20'N, 182d15'W

(b) 39d55'N, 116d23'W

(c) 39d55'N, 116d23'E

(d) 68d20'N, 182d15'E

37. The largest material which can be carried by a stream is carried as

(a) bed load.

(b) suspended load.

(c) dissolved load.

(d) truck load.

38. Which of the following is true of soil color?

(a) Color does not reflect composition or chemical makeup.

(b) Dark soils always indicate high organic content.

(c) For consistency of description, a soil color chart is employed by soil scientists.

d) Soil color is restricted to the top horizon of the soil pedon.

39. Which of the following cities has the largest temperature range (max - min)?

(a) Timbo

(b) Astrakhan

(c) Verkhoyansk

(d) Barrow

40. See the July Normal temperature map on page 17 of the atlas recommended in the syllabus. What is the normal temperature range found at 30d00'N, 90d00'W?

(a) -1C to 10C

(b) 10C to 21C

(c) 21C to 32C

(d) Over 32C

41. Which of the following is not true about jet streams?

(a) They are flattened in vertical cross section.

(b) They average 160-480 km wide.

(c) They are strongest in the summer.

(d) There is more than one jet stream.

42. Based on principles discussed earlier in the course, you know that the annual temperature range of places located in the interior of a continent is ____ those places located along the coast at the same altitude.

(a) greater than

(b) less than

(c) the same as

43. If you were driving down the highway and saw mountains composed of layered strata, you could be confident that you were looking at

(a) sedimentary rocks.

(b) extrusive igneous rock.

(c) a shield volcano.

(d) batholiths or laccoliths.

44. Which of the following is NOT true about tides?

(a) They are produced solely by the gravitational pull of the sun.

(b) They are complex daily oscillations in sea level.

(c) They are influenced by the size, depth, and topography of ocean basins.

(d) They are influenced by shoreline configuration and latitude.

45. The reflective quality of a surface is known as its:

(a) conduction

(b) absorption

(c) albedo

(d) scattering

46. Climate is ____________________.

(a) the weather of a region.

(b) the short-term condition of the atmosphere.

(c) the long-term atmospheric condition -- including extremes.

(d) a reference to temperature patterns only.

47. In the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, slopes that face ___ have more trees on them because ____.

(a) south; they receive more direct sunshine for photosynthesis

(b) south; they receive more rainfall

(c) north; they are more moist

(d) north; they receive more direct sunshine

48. Ocean floor subducts under continents because ______________.

(a) the ocean floor has a lower density and therefore sinks more easily.

(b) the ocean floor is made of felsic materials and is heavier than continental material.

(c) the ocean floor is made of mafic material and is therefore more dense than continental material.

(d) the weight of the continents is so great that they push the ocean floor material downward.

49. Volcanic activity located away from plate boundaries is associated with _______________.

(a) subduction and melting of plates.

(b) hot spots.

(c) rift zones.

(d) meteor impact.

50. What is the cause of the observation that 'overall earth surface temperature is warmer in July than January'?

(a) Heat capacity & latent heat

(b) Apehelion & perihelion

(c) Hadley cells

(d) The Grossrobin effect

A set of data was recorded for the reaction of decomposition of H2O2. The data is shown in table 3 Copy the data from table 3 in an Excel spreadsheet. Table 3 Time (min) [H2O2] 0 0.300 1 0.221 5 0.107 10 0.065 15 0.047 20 0.037 In Excel, add two columns to calculate the ln and inverse of the concentration. Make a prediction (guess) which order the reaction is with respect to H2O2. Plot the data and see if the plot obtained is linear, if it’s not change your prediction (guess again). For example, if you predict that the order of the reaction is zero, you will plot the data in the column [H2O2] vs time. If the plot you obtain is liner, you will have found out that the order of the reaction with respect to H2O2 is zero. If the plot is not linear, you will conclude that the order of the reaction with respect to H2O2 is NOT zero but you still will not know if it is first or second order. To find out, you will have to build another plot until you find a linear one.

When you finish, answer the questions below 1. Which plot is linear? 2. What is the order of the reaction with respect to H2O2? 3. What is the value of k? 4. Write the rate law for the reaction.