Q1. Study the effect of hydrogen as a chain transfer agent on the ethylene and propylene polymerization.

What does the IPAT formula tell us about the causes of environmental degradation? Why does the author believe that this formula is only partially accurate? What factors need to be added to improve it? Explain...

• Tidal Patterns

a.Describe (or draw) the three basic patterns of water levels for each of the three tidal patterns (diurnal, semidiurnal and mixed) over a 24-hour period. Label your axes! (1 point each; 3 points total).

b.How will these patterns change during a New/Full moon and what are these types of tides called (1 point)?

c.How will these patterns change during a first/third-quarter moon and what are these types of tides called (1 point)?

Devise a Carnot Heat Pump using steady flow components and describe how the Carnot cycle is executed in that device. Elaborately explain.

What is a distribution box

Let's say an average cow emits 100kg of methane per annum.

If coal consists of 80% carbon and 20% moisture and ash, how much coal would I have to burn per annum to have the same global warming potential as one cow.

Assume that the carbon in the coal burns completely.

5A. Which of the following is true?

A

The thermohaline circulation is partly due to the salinity differences of water.

B

The longer the river, the larger the drainage area.

C

The surface water is much more widely distributed than underground water.

D

None of the above is true.

5B. Plants need moisture to survive. The availability of moisture depends on many factors. Which of the following is true?

A

The more evaporation, the more moisture is available to the plants.

B

The more transpiration, the more moisture is available to the plants.

C

None of the above is true.

5C. The spatial distribution patterns of _ is closely related to _.

A

climate, vegetation

B

fur-bearing animals, climate

C

soil, climate

D

wildfire, soil

5D. Which of the following is true?

A

Winds always have positive effect on life.

B

Wildfires always have negative effect on life.

C

Winds and wildfires always have negative effect on life.

D

None of the above is true.

HEAT TRANSFER: HEAT EXCHANGER

Oil flows in a heat exchanger with a mass flow rate of 20 kg/s and is to be cooled from 175 to 65°C with water as a coolant flowing at a rate of 30 kg/s and an inlet temperature of 12°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is U = 1250 W/m²⋅K.

a) Sketch the temperature profile and calculate the mean temperature for parallel flow, counter flow, and cross flow heat exchangers..

b) Determine the area required to sustain the heat transfer for each heat exchanger stated in (a) Comment on your answer.

c) If fouling with thickness of 2 mm happens on the tubes side, determine the new heat transfer coefficient and evaluate the effectiveness of a 45 m length counter flow heat exchanger before and after fouling. Specific heat capacity of oil and water is given as c_{p, oil} = 2058 J/kg⋅K and c_{p, water} = 4184 J/kg⋅K. Conductivity of fouling is taken as k_f,I = 11 W/m⋅K.

A 12-cm tall, 6-cm outer diameter cylindrical ceramic mug filled with tea is boiling in a microwave oven. Assume latent heat of evaporation as 2260 kJ/kg. The convection heat transfer coefficient is h=20 W/(m 2 K) and the air in the microwave is at 20 °C. The mug’s wall thickness is 6 mm and the ceramic thermal conductivity is 30 W/(mK). Neglect heat transfer from the bottom of the mug and calculate the rate (in g/s) at which the tea is boiling if the microwave power absorbed by the tea is 50 W.

1. A scientific hypothesis is a method in science where scientists are in the process of trying to prove or disprove a phenomenon.
a. True

b. False

2. What energy source is Earth using primarily for its internal processes?
a. Ancient asteroid impact
b. The core
c. Radioactive decay
d. The Sun

3. The element most abundant in Earth's core is:
a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. Chlorine
d. Silicon
e. Oxygen

4. The asthenosphere is defined as a __________.
a. Rocky layer having a relatively uniform chemical composition.
b. Rigid layer of crustal and mantle material.
c. Rocky layer composed mainly of crustal rocks.
d. Plastic layer composed mainly of mantle material.
e. Tsunami zone

5. The least dense layer of Earth is the __________.
a. Crust
b. Inner core
c. Outer core
d. Mantle
e. Low velocity zone

6. The layer that sits directly under the outer core is called:
a. Lithosphere
b. Mantle
c. Asthenosphere
d. Inner core
e. Mesosphere

7. The youngest rocks of the seafloor are found at the mid-ocean ridges of the world.
a. True

b. False

8. What type of plate boundary is located at the mid-Atlantic Ridge?
a. Divergent boundary
b. Convergent boundary
c. Transform boundary
d. There is no plate boundary

9. What type of plate boundary does the San Francisco Bay Area sit on?
a. Divergent boundary
b. Convergent boundary
c. Transform boundary
d. There is no plate boundary

10. What type of plate boundary is found off the coast of Northernmost California, Oregon and Washington State?
a. Divergent boundary
b. Convergent boundary
c. Transform boundary
d. There is no plate boundary

4. We have called plate tectonics a scientific revolution. What other scientific revolutions do you know about? How is the plate tectonics revolution similar to, or different from, other revolutions, such as the Copernican revolution in astronomy? 5. What is the tectonic environment of the place where you live or attend school? Do you live near a plate margin? If so, what type is it? Or do you live in the middle of a plate? If so, which one?

Steam at 400°F flows through a 2-in (ID) copper pipe having a thickness of 0.25 in. The outside surface of the pipe is insulated with 1-in-thick layer of fiberglass and 0.008-in-thick layer of aluminum. The outside surface of the insulation is exposed to air at 80°F. The convection coefficients for steam and air are 25 and 12 Btu/h-ft2 -°F, respectively. The thermal conductivity of fiberglass is 0.022 Btu/h-ft-°F. Conductivities of metals may be taken from Geankoplis. a. Calculate the rate of heat transfer for 30-ft length of the pipe in Btu/h. b. What are the interface and surface temperatures? c. Calculate the overall heat-transfer coefficient based on the outside pipe area

1) Use the table below to answer the questions that follow.

Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 298.15 K (25 °C) __

Substance ΔH ° f (kJ/mol) ΔG ° f (kJ/mol) S (J/K-mol)

Calcium

Ca (s) 0 0 41.4

CaCl 2 (s) -795.8 -748.1 104.6

Ca 2 + (aq) 226.7 209.2 200.8

Chlorine

Cl 2 (g) 0 0 222.96

Cl- (aq) -167.2 -131.2 56.5

Oxygen

O 2 (g) 0 0 205.0

H 2O (l) -285.83 -237.13 69.91

Phosphorus

P 2 (g) 144.3 103.7 218.1

PCl 3 (g) -288.1 -269.6 311.7

POCl 3 (g) -542.2 -502.5 325

Sulfur

S (s, rhombic) 0 0 31.88

SO 2(g) -269.9 -300.4 248.5

SO 3(g) -395.2 -370.4 256.2

The value of ΔH° for the oxidation of solid elemental sulfur to gaseous sulfur dioxide,

S (s, rhombic) + O 2 (g) → SO 2 (g) is __________ kJ/mol.

a) +0.00

b) +11.6

c) +269.9

d) -11.6

e) -269.9

2) Use the table below to answer the questions that follow.

Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 298.15 K (25 °C)
__
Substance ΔH ° _f (kJ/mol) ΔG ° _f (kJ/mol) S (J/K-mol)
   
Calcium
Ca (s) 0 0 41.4
CaCl ₂ (s) -795.8 -748.1 104.6
Ca ₂⁺ (aq) 226.7 209.2 200.8

Chlorine  
Cl ₂ (g) 0 0 222.96  
Cl- (aq) -167.2 -131.2 56.5

Oxygen  
O ₂ (g) 0 0 205.0
H ₂O (l) -285.83 -237.13 69.91

Phosphorus  
P ₂ (g) 144.3 103.7 218.1
PCl ₃ (g) -288.1 -269.6 311.7
POCl ₃ (g) -542.2 -502.5 325

Sulfur  
S (s, rhombic) 0 0 31.88
SO ₂(g) -269.9 -300.4 248.5
SO ₃(g) -395.2 -370.4 256.2


The value of ΔG° at 25 °C for the oxidation of solid elemental sulfur to gaseous sulfur trioxide,

2S (s, rhombic) + 3O ₂ (g) → 2SO ₃ (g)

is __________ kJ/mol.

Hypothesis: Traffic congestion around the school will affect the air quality and will cause air pollution, and increase noise pollution.

* Can you write an essay (paragraph) about someone you interviewed to prove the hypothesis?