An elementary reaction A+B C+D is to be carried out in a non-ideal CSTR which has both bypassing and a stagnant region in this reactor. The measured reactor volume is 1.0 m3 and the flow rate to the reactor is 0.1 m3/min. The reaction rate constant is 0.28 m3/kmol.min. The feed is equimolar in A and B with an entering concentration of A equal to 2.0 kmol/m3 k. Calculate the conversion that can be expected in this reactor if the model parameters of α and β were determined from a tracer test and were found to be 0.8 and 0.3 respectively.
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Fallacies of Weak Induction - Practice
Now that you have had an opportunity to consider all of the fallacies of weak induction, you should be able to distinguish each type of fallacy of weak induction from the others.
Consider the following argumentative passages, and indicate what type of fallacy best describes each passage. If the passage is not fallacious, choose "no fallacy."
Passage A
Seventeen local residents have been diagnosed with salmonella poisoning, and the only thing they have in common is that they recently purchased tomatoes from a vendor at the local farmer's market. It is likely that the vendor's tomatoes were the source of the salmonella bacteria.
Which of the following best describes the type of fallacy committed in Passage A?
Hasty generalization
No fallacy
False cause
Slippery slope
Weak analogy
Passage B
Every time I am awakened by the alarm at the fire station down the street, I learn that a fire has broken out nearby. If we want to reduce the risk of fire in our neighborhood, we should prohibit the fire station from sounding its alarm.
Which of the following best describes the type of fallacy committed in Passage B?
No fallacy
False cause
Hasty generalization
Slippery slope
Appeal to unqualified authority
Passage C
Until someone can prove beyond a doubt that I was not abducted by aliens while I slept last night, we must assume that I was, in fact, abducted by aliens.
Which of the following best describes the type of fallacy committed in Passage C?
Appeal to ignorance
No fallacy
False cause
Hasty generalization
Appeal to unqualified authority
Passage D
I saw someone under the legal age purchasing cigarettes at that convenience store on Elm Street. The proprietor of that store must be running a racket to supply cigarettes to underage smokers.
Which of the following best describes the type of fallacy committed in Passage D?
No fallacy
False cause
Appeal to unqualified authority
Appeal to ignorance
Hasty generalization
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A mixture of He and N2 gas is contained in a pipe at 298 K and 1 atm total pressure which is constant throughout. At one end of the pipe at point 1 the partial pressure of He is 0.6 atm and at the other end, 0.2 m away, the partial pressure is = 0.2 atm. 1. Calculate the flux of He at steady state if DAB of the He-N2 system is 0.684 x 10-4 m2 /s. R = 8.314 m3Pa/mol K. 2. Recalculate the flux of A assuming only molecular diffusion applies, i.e. ignore the bulk motion term.
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Q. 2. Write a detailed report on any two chemical Hazards happened
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Energy can never be unlimited source. Types are energies sources are renewable and non-renewable. The best sustainable solution is to use a more responsible, socio-economic and environment friendly mix of renewable and non-renewable sources of energies.
Renewable sources of energy: Solar, Water, Wind, Wood and Geothermal
Non-renewable sources of energy: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas and Nuclear
Question: Describe how the energy could be sustained economically, socially and environmentally in a project or region. You can choose any one of energy source /case study which can fulfil requirement of sustainability to write your answer. (minimum of 200 words).
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Analysis of a 2.016 g sample of pure magnesium oxide gave 1.216 g magnesium and 0.800 g of oxygen. A second sample weighing 4.479 g was found to contain 2.701 g magnesium and 1.776 g oxygen. Show that these data are in agreement with the law of definite composition.
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1. Why would it be beneficial to slow down the rate of a very fast reaction? Give at least one example of a fast reaction that is slowed down. Provide at least one citation for this question. ?
2. What does order mean when discussing kinetics? Discuss the difference between zero, first, and second order reactions and how order can be determined for a reaction. Provide at least one citation for this question. ?
3. If the rate constant is independent of analytical wavelength, why is it still beneficial to use the maximum absorbance wavelength for data collection? ?
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4. The horizontal wye fitting in the figure splits the 20?C water flow rate equally. Inlet volumetric flow rate is 5 ft3/s and inlet pressure is 25 lbf/in2 (gage). In each branch water flow rate is split equally. If energy losses are neglected, estimate pressure of water leaving second and third branch. What is the vector force required to keep the wye in place?
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Biochemical oxygen demand i.e. BOD) is a measure of the potential damage that can be done to the dissolved oxygen content of a body of water by organic waste. A BOD is also the amount of O2required to degrade or decompose the wastes. Its name comes from the "demand" that organic carbon has for O2 through biochemical (enzyme) oxidation. BOD – demanded oxygen – can be likened to a debt that must be paid. Dissolved oxygen (DO) can be thought of as the currency used to pay the debt. If DO (assets) exceeds BOD (debt), aerobic conditions (economic solvency) will prevail. If BOD exceeds DO, bankruptcy may ensue. Bankruptcy, in this case, is the depletion of water's chief asset, O2. Over a period of time, the water's oxygen level is usually replenished by oxygen from the air. The length of this time period depends on the severity of the initial loss of oxygen. If we assume that the part of the organic waste that is being degraded is carbon, C ( a good assumption), then we can write the following chemical formula: C + O2 ? CO2 If we were to do a mass analysis (i.e. gram for gram, pound for pound, etc.) of this equation, we would find that for every 3 parts of C, we would need 8 parts of O2. If you're thinking that it looks like it should be a one for one deal, you're absolutely correct. It does in fact require one MOLECULE of carbon to react with one MOLECULE of oxygen, but if we would weigh those molecules we'd see that different molecules weigh different amounts and therefore based on mass, we'd get the 3:8 ratio. Do not overthink this problem. If you think along the lines of a is to b as x is to y, you'll be on the right track. Enter ONLY the answer in the provided answer box. QUESTION 1 Consider a small lake, 0.3 miles across and 8 ft deep, that contains a total of 40 tons of dissolved oxygen. Calculate the BOD (i.e.calculate the amount of oxygen required to degrade the amount of organic waste given) if 6 tons of carbon-based waste is dumped into the lake. Round your answer to zero places past the decimal. Question 2 Repeat the BOD calculation as done in #1, but this time let's dump in 32 tons of carbon-based waste. Round your answer to zero places past the decimal. QUESTION 3 The differences between the two cases above include all of the following: (Select all that apply)
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A well-insulated tank of 50 m3 volume initially contains 16,000 kg of water distributed between liquid and vapor phases at 25°C. Saturated steam at 1500 kPa is admitted to the tank until the pressure reaches 800 kPa. What mass of steam is added (kg)?
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Reliability is a concept that should be understood in the development of systems. Discuss the difference between series and parallel (redundant) networks and how such networks can increase or decrease total reliability of the system.
Discuss the FMECA process its components, purpose and how it relates to system reliability.
Maintainability and maintenance are important and related to each other. Describe each and the relationship to each other.
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The small bubbles that form on the bottom of a water pot that is being heated (before boiling) are due to dissolved air coming out of solution.
Part A
Use Henry's law and the solubilities given below to calculate the total volume of nitrogen and oxygen gas that should bubble out of 1.1 L of water upon warming from 25 ?C to 50 ?C. Assume that the water is initially saturated with nitrogen and oxygen gas at 25 ?C and a total pressure of 1.0 atm. Assume that the gas bubbles out at a temperature of 50 ?C. The solubility of oxygen gas at 50 ?C is 27.8 mg/L at an oxygen pressure of 1.00 atm. The solubility of nitrogen gas at 50 ?C is 14.6 mg/L at a nitrogen pressure of 1.00 atm. Assume that the air above the water contains an oxygen partial pressure of 0.21 atm and a nitrogen partial pressure of 0.78 atm.
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Exploiting Shale gas in the Karoo: Good or Bad? In your opinion, should South Africa exploit the shale gas reserves in the Karoo. Consider the environmental impacts vs the economic benefits of such an exploitation. (Write no more than 250 words).
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Read about the Flixborough disaster that occurred in 1974 ( or watch a video about it on youtube). What was the cause of the accident and what safety lessons are to be learnt from this disaster? (Write no more than 250 words).
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