1. Suppose it’s warm and raining outside in Big Town. A cold front will pass Big Town in 3 hours. Behind the front, it is cold and snowing.
   1. Make a persistence forecast for Big Town, 6 hours from now.

2. Would you expect this forecast to be correct? Explain.

3. Now, make a forecast for Big Town using the steady-state forecasting method.

13. The observation of what overall characteristic of the CMBR left, "... no real doubt we are seeing the residual radiation left behind from the hot, dense beginning of the early universe."

14. The tiny fluctuations in the early universe due to gravity redshifts from concentrations of mass eventually led to what?

16. List two processes or events that formed the elements heavier than helium: a) those that make carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, and b) those that make iron, nickel, gold, and even heavier elements.

17. The discovery of what aspect of the Universe restores Einstein’s “biggest blunder” (his fudge factor in his equations) to general relativity

An insulated stream of warm water is produced in a steady flow mixing process by combining 1 kg/s of cold water at 25 oC with 0.8 kg/s of hot water at 75 oC. What is the temperature of warm-water stream ? what is the work of the mixing process, , and ? assume the specific heat of water is constant at 4.18 kJ/kg.K.

• If the amount of gas increases, but the pressure and temperature stay fixed, what happens to the volume? What is the relevant gas law?

2. What is the Neolithic Demographic Transition (NDT)? Explain what happened, why it happened, and how it is connected to the Neolithic Revolution.

Hi! I have some geology ?'s:

23. To account for the incredible distances traveled by some of the Columbia River Flood Basalts to reach the Pacific Coast, possible explanations include which of the following (more than one answer is recommended):

A. the pre-existing uniform gradual slope toward the Pacific Coast all across Oregon and Washington from their eastern borders to the ocean.

B. the initial high temperature of the lava from these eruptions.

C. the low viscosity of the lava from these eruptions.

D. the filling in of low topography by early flows, flattening the landscape for later flows.

E. solidifying and crusting over of the upper surface of flows, providing insulation to maintain high temperature and low viscosity of flows over great distances.

F. volcanic vents providing freshly erupting lava all along the Columbia River to the ocean.

G. the Oregon coast was much further east at the time of these eruptions, making the journey actually far shorter than it appears today.

24. The methods of monitoring used by USGS volcanologists to accurately predict the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo in the Philippines and save thousands of lives included which of these:

A. seismometers revealing subterranean magma movements


B. sonar measuring tectonic ground movements


C. GPS to figure out where they actually were

D. watching snakes, frogs, chickens, and pigs


E. visual monitoring by flyovers to inspect lava effusions


F. gas spectrometers to measure volcanic de-gassing

G. satellite data to detect thermal anomalies

A new animal food, which a company has just developed, consists of two elements. Each pound of element H cost $1 and contains 8 units of carbohydrates, 4 units of proteins and 2 units of fats. Each pound of element I cost $0.80 and contain 3 units of carbohydrates, 5 units of proteins and 6 units of fats. There is no weight specification, but each bag of the food must contain at least 24 units of carbohydrates, 20 units of protein and 12 units of fat. For each element, determine the number of pounds per bag that will yield the most economical mix. What will be the cost of this amount per bag?

Methanol is to be pumped from large storage to tank cars at the rate of 1000 litres per min. The transfer line is 10 cm internal diameter and consists of 150m of straight pipe, four 90⁰ standard elbows (Le/D =32) two side run tees (Le/D = 90) and two gate valves (Le/D = 7). The level in the storage tank is 5 m below the level of the discharge. If a centrifugal pump having an overall efficiency is 70 % is used for this purpose, determine the horse power needed

                           Data                                                                          

                                Density of methanol = 0.79 gm/cc

                                Viscosity of methanol = 0.66 c.p

Fanning’s friction factor may be calculate from the relation, f = 0.08 Re^-0.25

Hypothesis: If the temperature increases, then the air pollution will get worse.

Describe the procedures needed to test this hypothesis and what equipment would be needed.

Coke can be converted into CO—a fuel gas—in the reaction

CO₂(g) + C(s) → 2CO(g)

A coke that contains 84.0% carbon by mass and the balance noncombustible ash is fed to a reactor with a stoichiometric amount of CO₂.

The coke is fed at 77.0°F, and the CO₂ enters at 400.0°F, heat is transferred to the reactor in the amount of 5559 Btu/lb_m coke fed.

The gaseous products and the solid reactor effluent (the ash and unburned carbon) leave the reactor at 1830°F.

The heat capacity of that solid is 0.240 Btu/(lb_m °F).

Calculate the percentage conversion of the carbon in the coke. _______%

In a routine atomic absorption spectrometry determination of metal ions in blood), an analyst needs to obtain the blood-level concentration of lithium in patients taking lithium carbonate, Li₂CO₃, as a treatment for mental disorders. What specific type of light source is required for the AAS analysis of the lithium content of the blood samples?

How does Radiative Warming create Foehn Winds?