Contrast experimental with quasi-experimental methods; generally speaking, which methods are most useful?

Differential Reinforcement

This procedure combines two of the foundational procedures in ABA: reinforcement and extinction. Combining these two procedures can be very powerful when working on skill acquisition and behavior reduction skills.

Our book discusses a handful of differential reinforcement procedures, including:

Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior (DRO)

• Reinforcing the absence of a specific behavior targeted for reduction, sometimes using interval schedules - extinguishing the presence of the target behavior

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)

• Reinforcing the presence of a specific alternate behavior while extinguishing all other behaviors

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

• Reinforcing a specific incompatible behavior with the target behavior
  • Think: hands in pockets instead of hitting, chewing gum instead of smoking, being silent instead of talking

For our discussion ~

Choose a procedure that you have either used or would use to assist in a behavior change program. Get creative! This may be with any type of client - from your puppy, to your 2 year old or even a dementia patient you care for on weekends.

Example ~

A student earns 10 minute breaks between work tasks in his cubby. While in cubby, he earns tokens for particpating in the lessons presented. To get him to go into cubby, we use a timer as a cue instead of him learning to tune out the teachers' voices. On occasion, he would hop like a frog over to cubby. If he did, no mind was paid attention to it - teaching began as soon as he sat down. However, if he walked in appropriately, he would earn a token toward getting out and be given verbal praise for walking appropriately.

This is an example of a DRA procedure: the student's walking behavior was reinforced (a specific alternate behavior) and the hopping like a frog was placed on extinction.

1. Select one piece of furniture and one piece of play equipment/toy you would select either for an infant room or a toddler room. Describe your selections and why you chose them. Then we can see how the class would collaboratively design an infant or a toddler environment!

2. Many parents don't understand the importance of construction play (such as blocks) for young children. In fact, a lot of preschool teachers see this area as a constant frustration (social conflict, messy, etc.) usually because the play area is too small or there are not enough blocks or other props. So- how might you tell or show parents and other teachers the benefits of this type of play? What would you say or do?

Reflect on a moment when you experienced a sudden insight, or an "aha!" moment -- when you suddenly understood something differently than before. Tell the story, and reflect on how that happened, why that moment occurred -- what changed? And why do you think your perspective changed in that moment? Does that have any connection with what we've been describing in a Constructivist approach? Make some connections to our topics in this module. I want you to label the parts of your experience with terms from the theory: assimilation, accommodation, equilibration, and focus on what new idea or concept was part of the sudden insight.

Summarize the ways physical, social, and environmental factors influence aspects of personality psychology throughout the course, and explain how related views have changed over time.

-You were introduced to several theoretical perspectives of child psychology: psychoanalytic, cognitive, social, and behavioral. Which theory do you believe is the most valid theory for explaining child development, and why?

-A young child comes to therapy sessions with a child psychologist because he expresses anger and frustration on a regular basis over the slightest inconvenience and often throws temper tantrums. Using the theory that you chose above, explain how a child psychologist with your chosen theoretical perspective would understand this child's anger. How would the psychologist explain the child's anger, and what kind of treatment would they recommend?

For your response, please address the following:

Think about organizations that you are a member in. This could be a workplace setting (past or present), a student club, a religious organization you're active in, etc. Pick one formal group you are a part of while addressing this prompt.

Paragraph 1: Within that group context, what produces effective communication? What traits, roles, organizational structures, etc. help you (and/or your group) communicate effectively? Identify one critical communication ability and explain what it means.

Paragraph 2: Next, please think about the power structures of that group (who's in charge, who's a follower, etc.). Offer one example of an instance when you (or another person) used a specific power strategy (see below).

You should identify the power strategy (legitimate authority, information power, expert power, reward and coercive power, or referent power).

Then, provide a brief overview of what happened when you (or another person in your group) used that strategy. You should make sure to draw on the descriptions in the table.

As you think back over developmental psycholgy, what was the most valuable aspect of
the class? What was the least valuable? (250 words).

This summer, you receive a call at work that your teen has been arrested for shoplifting, while at the mall with friends. You gave permission for this excursion this morning. How do you respond after retrieving your child from the police station? What future concerns do you have for your child? And how will these concerns influence your response?

China has a number of parallel social media platforms that serve the same purpose as mainstream social media in the Western world. What are the implications of this?

QUESTION: 1) How can you apply similar professional and focused communication when emailing or writing in the forums? 2) Why is creating a professional image important when calling, emailing, or posting in the forum? 3) What communication requirement from the syllabus will be beneficial for your professional and academic growth during this course? Minimum 100 Words

Explain the difference between explicit and implicit learning, and describe some evidence relating the importance of (1) the hippocampus and (2) the basal ganglia to each type.

Explain/discuss the impact of power and influence of others on decision making and thinking patterns on individuals. Explain the impact in terms of cognitive development. Explain the impact on social/emotional development and social situations for an individual. Explain these outcomes in 3 different age ranges

Why is important to have posting guidance such as 1) avoiding duplicate thread titles, 2) creative subject lines, 3) avoiding heavy posting on Monday, 4) minimum word count, and 5) professional dialog through editing of posts? Minimum 100 Words

Everyone knows that peers have powerful influence in the teen years. Friend selection can be crucial during this important time. Friends facilitate either destructive or constructive behaviors. As a parent, can you hope to influence your teen's selection process? How or why not?