Make recommendations on what the organisation can do to increase its outputs.

Describe the issues Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison eventually split over.

____ occurs when a homogenous and highly cohesive group is focuses on maintaining unanimity, thus failing to evaluate alternatives fairly and suppressing contrary opinions both from within the group and from outside the group.

Select one:

a. Confirmation Bias

b. Group Polarization

c. Social Loafing

d. Groupthink

____ is the tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions than they would make if the individual group members were acting individually.

Select one:

a. Collective Group Norms

b. Group Polarization

c. Groupthink

d. Intergroup Processes

_____ is contributing less effort while in a group than one would if working individually.

Select one:

a. Social Loafing

b. Production Blocking

c. Collective Group Norms

d. Intergroup Processes

The____ is the belief that deindividuating settings do not lead to anonymity or a loss of personal identity, rather, they help foster a more social or collective identity.

Select one:

a. Social Identity Model of Disinhibition Effects

b. Theory of Reasoned Action

c. Theory of Planned Behavior

d. Three-component Model

Choose a natural disaster in your state or that you followed in the news.

• How did the different levels of government work together?
• In the example you selected, what was done well?
• What areas were there for improvement?

What are the real-world implications or application of the obtained results? (The answer to this question can be found by reading the “Discussion” section of the article, especially the “Conclusion” or last few paragraphs).

and here are the discussion:

Today’s students are quite different than those who populated university classrooms at the turn of the century. Raised in the internet age, constantly “plugged in”, seemingly inextricably attached to cell phones, and facile with all types of electronic media, these students nonetheless are expected to learn much of the same material as did their predecessors of the late 20th century. Today’s students’ classroom behaviors, however reflective of their engagement and facility with current technology, may be putting students’ learning at risk. And today’s classrooms, configured for wireless computing or equipped with computers, may be enabling students to engage in behaviors that compromise learning. Although many stories and anecdotes describe professors who find their students shopping online, playing games, texting friends, and checking Facebook, no prevalence data have indicated how widespread of a phenomenon classroom multitasking is. The purpose of this study was to describe the multitasking behaviors of university students while sitting in their traditional classrooms and while on their computers working on online classes. The finding that the majority of students multitask is not surprising; however, in an institution where the average class size was 22.7 during the semester that the study was done, it is surprising that more than 50% of the students sitting in class were frequently text messaging and more than one fourth were frequently checking Facebook, presumably while their professors looked on. Abaté (2008) claims that the consequence of tolerating multitasking in the classroom is an education that is limited in its adaptability, superficial, and short term memory based. The negative association between multitasking and GPA that was found in this study may not provide evidence for Abaté’s (2008) specific claims, but it does provide some justification for those professors who are banning laptops and cell phones from their classrooms (Adams, 2006; Jan, 2011). Banning phones and laptops in the classroom may meet with resistance because students may not be aware of the frequency of their multitasking, and if they are, they may not see it as problematic. Turkle (2011) comments that today’s youth grew up in a culture of distraction and that technology is so much a part of life, it has become like a phantom limb. She refers to individuals as “tethered” to technology, and contends that for many, the “unplugged” world does not provide satisfaction. Turkle (2008) writes that a phenomenon such as e-mailing during classes is so mundane that it is scarcely noticed, and that once done surreptitiously, it is currently not something people feel they need to hide. The proliferation of online classes and the significantly greater amounts of multitasking that take place among students engaged in online coursework may lead to some concern about the quality of attention and learning going on in online classes. Some of the focus group responses to the question asking participants what else they were doing while they were engaged in coursework were unique to students who took online classes. These included cooking dinner, caring for children, playing with pets, and conversing with family/roommates. These kinds of activities not only divert cognitive focus and attention, they also can physically remove the student from the act of engaging in the class. 8 Multitasking in the University Classroom http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/ij-sotl/vol6/iss2/8 The associations between multitasking and risk behaviors are disconcerting. College students worldwide have been known to engage in various risk behaviors, including alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use, unhealthy sexual practices, and disregard for preventive and protective habits (Centers for Disease Control, 1997; Steptoe et al, 2002). Indeed, the overall risk behavior of the current study population is similar to that of the general US college population. However, the significant correlations between multitasking and risk behaviors, and the significant differences in risk behaviors between high and low multitaskers support Foehr’s (2006) findings that multitaskers tend to engage in risk behaviors, and point to an additional factor to examine when considering risk behaviors among college and university students. Clearly understanding that correlations do not support causality, these results may, however, lead one to wonder if multitasking in the classroom may be yet another risk that some university students are inclined to take. The results may also lead one to believe that classroom multitaskers must also be engaging in multitasking behaviors outside of the classroom – perhaps while driving, doing homework, or engaging in other activities whose effectiveness and safety multitasking may compromise. The consideration of multitasking as a risk behavior is exacerbated by Greenfield’s (2011) claim that the digital communication and entertainment devices frequently used by multitaskers have addictive properties that can distract users as well as alter their moods and consciousness. Wang & Tchernev’s (2012) findings that college students’ multitasking behaviors generate emotional gratification provide evidence that students have a powerful drive to repeatedly engage in multitasking behavior. The addictive and emotionally gratifying nature of multitasking make it all the more difficult, and perhaps all the more important, to address. This study had several limitations: the sample was a nonrandom convenience sample, the data were self-reported, and the design was correlational. These limitations constrain inferences or generalizations regarding the entire university student population. Another limitation was that the multitasking behaviors that were listed on the survey might not adequately represent all of the multitasking activities in which the student respondents engaged. Despite the limitations, however, the results of this study can provide a starting point for further research as well as for discussions about learning in the 21st century, about standards for classroom behavior, and about the nature of risk behaviors. Ongoing research into the phenomenon of classroom multitasking may provide guidelines for the mitigation of the problems and their sequelae. Further research is needed to assess the associations between multitasking and risk behaviors; one suggestion would be to add multitasking items to the National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys and the College Health Risk Behavior Survey. Another important area for continued investigation is to examine the predictors of multitasking behaviors: what kinds of attitudes, beliefs, personality traits, and learning environments lend themselves to multitasking behaviors? And are said attitudes, beliefs, characteristics, and environments modifiable? University professors might also engage in small action research studies in their classrooms, experimenting with and assessing the effects of different pedagogical styles and approaches that might decrease multitasking among students. Although it is very likely that students have been engaging in distracting behaviors in the classroom throughout the history of education, the ubiquity of technologies seems to make the possibilities for classroom multitasking even more likely in the near future. A recent white paper by the global telecommunications company, Ericsson (2011), projects that by 9 IJ-SoTL, Vol. 6 [2012], No. 2, Art. 8 2020 there will be 50 billion connected devices, with individuals possessing between 5 and 10 devices each, so it’s quite clear that the temptations and opportunities for multitasking will not abate and will not go away. The sheer number of electronic devices, their addictive nature, and the tethered selves that students have become can make addressing the issue of classroom multitasking quite daunting. For the sake of student learning outcomes, however, instructors should attempt to mitigate the problem to the extent possible. Some suggestions include having and enforcing clear written policies regarding multitasking behaviors and media use in the classroom, along with clear penalties for non-compliance with said policies. Instructors can utilize hands-on, active learning strategies that require that students be on task with tasks that minimize opportunities for engagement with electronic devices. And, if possible, professors can set up classroom seating that minimizes visual obstructions and maximizes opportunities for circulating around classrooms. Many university professors are aware that their students are engaging in multiple behaviors while sitting in their classrooms; these professors should not avert their eyes, but rather help their students become aware of the consequences of multitasking. Perhaps engaging students in discussions about multitasking and seeking student input in addressing the issue can be a first step in resolving what has the potential to become a pernicious problem.

Explain the impact of the Protestant Reformation on the settlement of the Western Hemisphere.

- 300+ words - Site sources

- identify the term   

- why it's important historically

Read the posted articles about Baby Storm and the parents' decision to raise her without a gender. Given what you have learned about biological, social, and cognitive influences on gender development, is raising a gender-neutral child possible? Or desirable? Or perhaps even harmful? Be sure you explain your argument!

You are to read and review/critique a scholarly journal article on a topic in child psychology/child development "GENDER" The article must be primary research(i.e., not a literature review, review article itself, magazine/newspaper, blog, etc.) The appropriateness of the article, written expression and reflective critique will be assessed.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131694/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3747736/

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00513341/document

At least a page worth's and should be cited

Suggested questions to consider:

Was there a large enough sample?

What research model did they use?

What would you have used?

Is this research valid?

It is truly testing what it is meant to be testing?

What did the authors conclude?

Do you agree with their conclusions?

Is this research useful to clinicians?

What did you think of this journal article?

What new learning can you take from this article that applies to your own life?

describe the four functions of the code of ethics

Primatologists are interested in the topic of altruism in order to determine where the human behavior arises. Altruism is defined as actions that benefit another individual but at some potential risk or cost to oneself. The act of ‘doing a good deed’ for others in humans counts as altruism, because there is some level of sacrifice in effort or resources from the individual that helps the other. Scientists argue that there are ulterior motives on the part of primates that they study. The good deed will be returned at a later date. We can test the importance of altruism among humans with this small science project.

Goal: Assess the degree of altruism among humans. Does it is exist? Method: Groom someone or do something altruistic to help someone who you will see in the near future for several days. Then assess whether they feel compelled to return the favor. For example, you may actually groom someone by pretending to pick something off of their clothes or buying them coffee. Then put them in the same but opposite situation later on. You could leave something on your clothes to see if they pick it off. You can try other forms of social grooming such as complementing someone as well. Will they return the favor later on? Try to devise new and original ways to test this idea of altruism through grooming.

Write up: Does this act bring you closer? What does it say about the grooming among humans? Is this evidence that it was selected for as a behavioral trait? Also try to explain WHY it came about as a behavioral trait (or WHY it didn’t if the data comes out negative).

Describe the messages that media (television, movies, magazines, newspapers, Internet) convey about people living with limited incomes or within the poverty threshold.

From The Salt Lake Tribune, September 13, 2001: "Washington's NATO allies declared Wednesday that the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, D.C., can be considered an attack on the whole alliance if they were directed from abroad. 'An attack on one is an attack on all,' NATO Secretary-General Lord Robertson said after the alliance's ambassadors decided to invoke Article 5 of the NATO charter for the first time in the alliance's history.” (Base your answers strictly on formal logic.)

a. Trace the formal logic of the text.

b. In your opinion, is an attack on the US an attack against all NATO allies?

c. In light of Robertson's claim that "an attack against one is an attack against all,” what is the logical inference of the statement that, "the alliance's ambassadors decided to invoke Article 5 of the NATO charter for the first time in the alliance's history”?

add reference please

Deviance can play a big role when it comes to gender. Explain what kinds of acts could be considered deviant for both male and females. Why are these acts considered deviant?