Define and discuss the direct democratic institutions: initiative, referendum and recall. Does the State of California use any of these?

The declining influence of the United States Constitution.

what are strategies social workers may use to become advocates for social change through cultural competence?

what developmental goals in early Alaska guidlines checklis support child's learning social and emotional?

Please I need two paragraphs about individual experiences with the coronavirus pandemic and how it impacted students to move forward?

Thank you!

what challenges may administrators face in developing cultural competency within their organizations?

Read the “Dig Deeper” vignette, “The Myth of Mental Illness”, provided below. Do you think mental illness is a myth? Why or why not?

DIG DEEPER: The Myth of Mental Illness In the 1950s and 1960s, the concept of mental illness was widely criticized. One of the major criticisms focused on the notion that mental illness was a “myth that justifies psychiatric intervention in socially disapproved behavior” (Wakefield, 1992). Thomas Szasz (1960), a noted psychiatrist, was perhaps the biggest proponent of this view. Szasz argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms. Indeed, Szasz suggested that what appear to be symptoms of mental illness are more appropriately characterized as “problems in living” (Szasz, 1960). In his 1961 book, The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct, Szasz expressed his disdain for the concept of mental illness and for the field of psychiatry in general (Oliver, 2006). The basis for Szasz’s attack was his contention that detectable abnormalities in bodily structures and functions (e.g., infections and organ damage or dysfunction) represent the defining features of genuine illness or disease, and because symptoms of purported mental illness are not accompanied by such detectable abnormalities, so called psychological disorders are not disorders at all. Szasz (1961/2010) proclaimed that “disease or illness can only affect the body; hence, there can be no mental illness” (p. 267). Today, we recognize the extreme level of psychological suffering experienced by people with psychological disorders: the painful thoughts and feelings they experience, the disordered behavior they demonstrate, and the levels of distress and impairment they exhibit. This makes it very difficult to deny the reality of mental illness. However controversial Szasz’s views and those of his supporters might have been, they have influenced the mental health community and society in several ways. First, lay people, politicians, and professionals now often refer to mental illness as mental health “problems,” implicitly acknowledging the “problems in living” perspective Szasz described (Buchanan-Barker & Barker, 2009). Also influential was Szasz’s view of homosexuality. Szasz was perhaps the first psychiatrist to openly challenge the idea that homosexuality represented a form of mental illness or disease (Szasz, 1965). By challenging the idea that homosexuality represented a form a mental illness, Szasz helped pave the way for the social and civil rights that gays and lesbians now have (Barker, 2010). His work also inspired legal changes that protect the rights of people in psychiatric institutions and allow such individuals a greater degree of influence and responsibility over their lives.

Post the APA-style reference for the article you found in the library. Describe four specific psychosocial factors that should be taken into account in order to understand the psychosocial context when working with the group you selected. (Two of these factors should be psychologically related and two of these factors should be socially related). Identify and explain a psychosocial intervention that addresses one of the four specific psychosocial factors you described above. Identify 1 to 2 outcomes you might measure if you were to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Evaluate one advantage of using a psychosocial framework in social work practice with the group you chose.

Select a story in the newspaper that involves interpersonal conflict. Summarize the dispute then: identify the conflicting goals, needs and interests of the disputants identify goals, needs and interests that are shared by the disputants discuss whether you believe the disputants are aware of their shared goals and needs.

We discussed a number of theories related to personality and personality differences.

1. When you consider your own personality and personalities of others you know,

which of these theories can you relate to most or which of them best describes

who you are? (1 paragraph)

2. Can you think of an example for the following Freudian defense mechanisms,

using popular tv/movie/book characters?

a. Repression :

b. Projection

c. Regression:

d. Displacement

e. Compensation

3. Research has found a 50/50 relationship between heredity and environmental

influences on your personality. Can you think of an example aspect of your

personality that was influenced by your heredity, and an example of how you

have been influenced by your environment?

4. Were you surprised to learn how limited a parent’s influence can be on a child’s

personality? Do you think there should be additional research in this area (and if

so, exactly what parts? If not, why not?)

Discuss the power struggle between the Roman senate. How did the Plebeians and Patricians resolve their differences? Who benefitted from the struggle of orders?

Do you remember the proverb declaring that if you give a man a fish, you feed him for a day; if you teach him how to fish, you feed him for a lifetime? Do you agree with critics who apply this proverb to TOMS’ charity model? Why or why not. Beyond judging the charity work of TOMS, think about how its message and appeal have captured so much buy-in from young people. When you write business messages, how can you alter your writing to engage audiences of various ages or at various education levels?

Ethics in Animal Research Written Assignment

In this written assignment, you will act as the Animal Care Committee for your university. It is the committee’s responsibility to evaluate and either approve or reject research proposals submitted by faculty members who want to use animals for research or instructional purposes in psychology, biology, or medicine.

For this written assignment, choose two of the four case studies listed below and critically evaluate each one using the questions provided. The proposals describe experiments, including the goals and potential benefits of the research as well as any discomfort or injury that they may cause to the animal subjects. You must either approve the research or deny permission for the experiments. It is not your job to suggest improvements on technical aspects of the projects, such as the experimental design. You should make your decision based on the information given in the proposal.

Case Study Questions (1 Page Per Case):

1-Case Study #

2-Final Decision

3-What were three of your concerns regarding the ethical treatment of the animals involved in your case?

4-Cite and explain each of your three concerns using specific examples from the APA Guidelines for Animal Research (http://www.apa.org/science/leadership/care/guidelines.aspx).

5-What ultimately lead you to your decision?

6-What is one remaining question you still have about animal research in psychology?

CASE ONE

Professor King is a psycho-biologist working on the frontiers of a new and exciting research area of neuroscience, brain grafting. Research has shown that neural tissue can be removed from the brains of monkey fetuses and implanted into the brains of monkeys that have suffered brain damage. The neurons seem to make the proper connections and are sometimes effective in improving performance in brain-damaged animals. These experiments offer important animal models for human degenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Dr. King wants to transplant tissue from fetal monkey brains into the entorhinal cortex of adult monkeys; this is the area of the human brain that is involved with Alzheimer’s disease. The experiment will use 20 adult rhesus monkeys. First, the monkeys will be subjected to ablation surgery in the entorhinal cortex. This procedure will involve anesthetizing the animals, opening their skulls, and making lesions using a surgical instrument. After they recover, the monkeys will be tested on a learning task to make sure their memory is impaired. Three months later, half of the animals will be given transplant surgery. Tissue taken from the cortex of monkey fetuses will be implanted into the area of the brain damage. Control animals will be subjected to sham surgery, and all animals will be allowed to recover for 2 months. They will then learn a task to test the hypothesis that the animals having brain grafts will show better memory than the control group. Dr. King argues that this research is in the exploratory stages and can only be done using animals. She further states that in the near future about 3 million Americans will have Alzheimer’s disease and that her research could lead to a treatment for the devastating memory loss that Alzheimer’s victims suffer.

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CASE TWO

The Psychology Department is requesting permission from your committee to use 10 rats per semester for demonstration experiments in a physiological psychology course. The students will work in groups of three; each group will be given a rat. The students will first perform surgery on the rats. Each animal will be anesthetized. Following standard surgical procedures, an incision will be made in the scalp and two holes drilled in the animal’s skull. Electrodes will be lowered into the brain to create lesions on each side. The animals will then be allowed to recover. Several weeks later, the effects of destroying this part of the animal’s brain will be tested in a shuttle avoidance task in which the animals will learn when to cross over an electrified grid. The instructor acknowledges that the procedure is a common demonstration and that no new scientific information will be gained from the experiment. He argues, however, that students taking a course in physiological psychology must have the opportunity to engage in small animal surgery and to see firsthand the effects of brain lesions.

Criminology theories that explain cybercriminals/ ATM Fraud?​