Describe the problem of serial order, described by Karl Lashley.

Despite our best intentions, stress can make it difficult to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Identify and explain at least two different ways that stress can interfere with our efforts to stay healthy.

Hint: Study Unit 10.23

Compare the way in which we elect Presidents in our current system to the proposal of the National Popular Vote movement. Which method is superior?

QUESTION 3
Kiah is a 26-year-old woman who has a history of self-injury, specifically cutting her arms and legs, since she was a teenager. She has made two suicide attempts by overdosing on prescribed medications; she also reports chronic suicidal ideation, explaining that it gives her relief to think about suicide as a “way out.”
When she is stressed, she often “zones out,” even in the middle of conversations or while at work. She often states that, “I don’t know who Kiah really is,” and she has a habit of changing her hobbies, her clothing style, and sometimes even she will change job based on who is in her social group.
At times, she thinks that her boyfriend is “the best thing that’s ever happened to me” and will impulsively buy him lavish gifts, and send caring text messages; however, at other times she admits to thinking “I can’t stand him,” and will ignore or lash out at him, including yelling or throwing things. Immediately after doing so, she reports to feel regret and panic at the thought of him leaving her.

a. Identify symptoms upon Kiah and justify your diagnosis.
       

b. Propose the best treatment for Kiah.
       

Refer to a time when you were a part of a great team. What was your part in making the team effective? Please describe what customer service means to you and what you would bring to this job?

QUESTION 4
Kati is 22 years of age and has struggled with her weight all her life. She remembers back in primary school how the kids used to call her “fatty” and would not want to play with her. The taunting continued throughout high school however it was subtler. Kati found it difficult to make friends and often found herself excluded from any social events.
Although Kati’s mother is very supportive, but her father would say things like “why don’t you go on a diet” or “what are you eating now it’s only going to make you fatter”. Her elder brother was embarrassed to be seen with her and to make things worse, he is quite athletic.
A few months back, things were starting to turn around for Kati. She began dating with Mamat, and she started exercising and lost about 10 kilograms. Slowly she started feeling better about herself, however the relationship did not last longer. She blames herself for the break-up and believes that Mamat ended the relationship because she is fat. However, when questioned further about this, Kati could not recall a time when Mamat had ever criticized her appearance, in fact he seemed to be very supportive.
Kati also described how her friends have stopped calling her because they say she is constantly criticizing them. Kati stays at home all day and every time she looks in the mirror she thinks how ugly she is. It is important to note that Kati is currently within the healthy weight range for her age and height.

a. According to you, what issue is Kati facing currently? Justify your answers.
       

b. Suggest what Kati should do to improve her condition and how her family and friends could support her?
       

Successful business managers need to possess a high level of confidence to succeed and meet the many challenges they face in a fast paced and evolving business climate. There is a razor sharp line that exists between being confident in what we do, and slipping across this fine, hazy line into being overconfident.

We don’t notice this innocent looking trap until we’ve fallen into it. Not only were we not paying attention, we also miscalculated by assuming the way was clear. Making assumptions or jumping to a false conclusion stems from overconfidence. It often leads to calamity, or a very bad case of ‘Oops!’

RJR Nabisco was having a bad year with its stock performance. The CEO of the company, Ross Johnson thought that this was an opportune time to attempt a leveraged buyout to increase the shareholder’s value of the stock. He, and his management group, entered into negotiations with the board of directors’ special committee that had been assigned with the particular task of finding ways to maximize the shareholder value.

Since he was the CEO of Nabisco, Johnson was confident, that because of his close ties to the company; his buy out attempt would be the proverbial ‘no-brainer’. His overconfidence led him to fall into the trap of making assumptions and jumping to an erroneous conclusion.

His first mental lapse was to assume that his company connections would automatically give him the ‘go-ahead’ to make the buy-out happen. He made the second mistake of assuming that his investment bankers would simply have to put the financing in place, and that the RJR board of directors would also give him the power to manage the buyout. So, together with his main financial partner, Shearson Lehman Hutton, he offered an initial buyout price of $75.00 U.S./share.

The initial offering meant that his management team would only have to put up $20 million dollars or 8.5% of the total offer. If the board acceded to this offer then Johnson’s management team would receive 18% of the company’s total equity. Johnson was also insisting that the 18% would be divided equally amongst the 15,000 personnel who were employed for RJR Nabisco. However, he neglected to mention that in reality, only six names actually appeared as the real beneficiaries of the transaction – a real but unintentional ‘Oops!’

So stroked by his overconfidence in closing the buyout he moved ominously close to the waiting banana peel because he wasn’t paying attention to several occurrences that were transpiring in the meantime. First, the board never discussed or made any concessions with Johnson or his financiers. Johnson also never even conceived there were any other players who might also be interested in buying Nabisco. In truth, he had so alienated the board with his attitude that they eventually awarded the buyout bid to an investment banking firm, Kohlburg, Kravis, and Roberts (KKR) for $109 million dollars. One might think they were making the higher bid, right?

Wrong! KKR’s bid was actually lower than Johnson’s bid. The board was so ticked off at Johnson that they took the loss instead because they appreciated KKR’s negotiation flexibility, and believed that KKR would have a more positive influence on the company rather than Johnson’s ‘arrogance and overconfidence’. So the moral of the story is that when you become overconfident and full of yourself, just remember the higher you elevate yourself, the more painful the fall will be when it comes.

1.    Explain how this case study is an example of the non-rational escalation of commitment bias (ch. 4) and the irrational optimism bias.

2.    How did overconfidence and feelings of superiority bring about Johnson’s loss? These biases are discussed in (ch. 5).

3.    Summarize some things Johnson could have done to prevent this error. Use the information in ch. 6 under “Confronting your own biases,” to help you answer the question.

4.    As a leader, would you rather mentor someone who is overconfident, or who lacks confidence? Explain why. How do you think you would approach it? I am looking for your ideas and opinions. You do not need to access outside sources for this question.

Prompt: Reflect on the concepts discussed in this module and then answer the following questions in a journal reflection (1 to 2 paragraphs per question): 1. What sort of cultural or social forces impact how we think and behave? 2. Describe an example of a behavior that is impacted by socialization and cultural influences. 3. How do things such as media and advertising impact our understanding of how we should act or behave in a culture or group?

1. What are the main characteristics of positivism? How do these characteristics apply to sociology? How do they not apply? How did you find this information?
2. Name some aspects of society, as you know it, which are more appropriate to being studied from a positivistic approach than others. Why have you chosen these aspects? Name some aspects that would be difficult to study using a strictly positivistic approach.
3. What is the meaning of ideological bias? How does ideological bias influence sociological research? What are the ideologies that you might be subject to as a sociology student in Canada? How are your beliefs and values similar or different to those promoted by ideologies such as capitalism, socialism, and heterosexism? (hint)
4. What difference is there between the "big lie" techniques of propaganda used by Hitler in the Second World War, techniques founded on stereotypes and distortions, and the techniques used by governments to gain support for social policies such as welfare cutbacks and tax breaks for large corporations?
5. What do you think of the argument that sociological thinking should be value-free? Is it possible to accumulate empirical data without examining it in the light of a particular set of beliefs and values? What is the sociologist's responsibility in this? Is it enough for a sociologist to interpret social events and social practices or is there a need for more critical approach?
6. Suggest at least two different worldviews that might give boundaries to your understanding of an important local or global event, for example, the war in Iraq, the killing of Dudley George, the suicide of Kimberly Rogers, or another event which caught your attention. Create an image of the various beliefs, values, and experiences that this worldview would encompass.

Refer to a time when you were a part of a great team. What was your part in making the team effective?

Please describe what customer service means to you and what you would bring to this job?

Define Marx’s concept of “species being.” Discuss its significance in relation to his concept of alienation. Use specific quotes from the “Economic Manuscripts” for support.

Define Hegel’s dialectical process. Explain its significance in relation to Marx’s theory of history. Also explain its significance on Marx’s basic theoretical orientation.

Case Study – Jane

Someone sitting behind Jane had dropped a book on the floor and it set her off.  jane backed in a corner in the waiting area of a mental health clinic and started screaming. Her pupils were widely dilated and perspiration stood out on her forehead. She was panting heavily. Jane pointed her finger at a Chinese man who stood petrified in the waiting room. “Get this rapist out of here” she screamed. She made a fist and started running towards the man.

The therapist came and took Jane firmly into a private office. They sat there in silence for a few minutes, while Jane breathing gradually returned to normal and the therapist reviewed her chart.

Jane was thirty-five (35) years old, but when she was twenty (20) years old she had volunteered to join the Red Cross during a war in Vietnam. While in a tent the hospital came under fire and many of the medical personnel were killed. Jane was taken captive for a month and was gang raped by some Oriental men.

She never talked about her ordeal, even during anger management class for war survivors who were suffering from Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder. Whenever she was asked to share her story she would get in a rage. Jane had blocked out that part of her life and in order to cope she avoided movies depicting war or rape. After returning home she started drinking and was drunk most times. Whenever she was sober she took drugs and became promiscuous in order to facilitate her habit. Despite her best efforts Jane would have nightmares and she would awaken at nights screaming several times a week. Sudden noises would startle her into a panic attack.

After being in jail for the last six months, Jane had been clean and sober. A condition for her release from jail was to seek medical help. The therapist reminded Jane that she had to share her feeling about the past. She responded that she didn’t have any feelings as they had all dried up. Jane commented that the future did not look bright: “got not job, no husband, no kids. I just wasn’t meant to have a life.” She got up to leave and said; “it’s no use I can’t talk about it”.

A. Using the following format below, develop a Case Formulation and Treatment Plan the case study.

1. Identifying Information                                              
2. Problem List                                                               
3. Diagnosis:                                                                              

Axis 1

Axis 11

Axis 11

Axis 1V

Axis V

4. Working Hypothesis                         

Schemata:                               

Self

Others

World

Future

            Summary of the Working Hypothesis

            Strengths and Assets                                                               

5. Treatment Plan                                                                                 

Goals                                       

Interventions                           

2. Identify the losses that Jane has faced and explain (using examples) the grief process that she is experiencing using one of the grief and bereavement models.

All major feature films of today engage their audience through the art of visual narrative; they tell stories with moving imagery.

Name your favorite movie and describe why this movie appeals to you. Briefly discuss some elements of the film that are essential to its success. Consider the story, characters, setting, special effects, cinematography, music score, etc., in your answer.