Shown below are the results of water quality analyses of a groundwater source. Because all of the constituents were not analyzed, an ion balance may not be achieved. The pH of the water is 7.6.

a. (8 points) Prepare a bar chart of water composition.

b. (6 points) Based on the bar chart, determine the total hardness, carbonate hardness, non-carbonate hardness, and alkalinity (in the unit of mg/L as CaCO₃).

c. (6 points) Estimate the concentrations of carbonate (CO₃^2-) in the water. Express your answer in mmol/L. Given that pK_a1 and pK_a2 of H₂CO₃ are 6.35 and 10.33, respectively.

d. (6 points) Dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)_2(s)) is found in the aquifer sediment where the water sample was collected. Based on the water composition, is dolomite dissolving or precipitating? Given that the Ksp of CaMg(CO₃)_2(s) is 10^-17.09.

Explain in detail why is coordination required at all phases of construction for MEP systems? What are the outcomes when a job is not coordinated properly? Why is in important to coordinate at time of bid and what are the downsides to coordinating at the time of bid?

Sketch water surface profile in two rectangular channels that are joined with the following information. a. Slope is changing from 0.0016 to 0.015 ? = 0.013 ? = 10 ?? ? = 400 ??? ?0−?ℎ????? 1 = 0.0016 ?0−?ℎ????? 2 = 0.015

Q3

A rigid strip footing with a width of B is constructed above the ground on a clay deposit, overlying bedrock. The depth of clay layer is H and the water level is at the natural ground surface. Before construction of the footing, laboratory tests on a saturated clay sample, taken at a depth of H/2 below the ground surface, provided the following properties:

Compression Index = Cc , Recompression Index = Cr , Consolidation Coefficient = cv

Over Consolidation Ratio = OCR, Water Content = w% and Specific Gravity = Gs

Assume the vertical uniform surcharge stress on the footing including the weight of footing and column = q

(a) Calculate the initial saturated unit weight of clay deposit.

(b) Based on the elastic theory (Boussinesq’s equation), calculate the excess pore water pressures at the depth of H/2 immediately after applying the surcharge load. Assume the vertical stress (q) is applied instantaneously.

(c) Using theory of 1-D consolidation, calculate the total average settlement of this rigid footing due to consolidation of the clay layer, long time after applying the total load.

(d) Determine the average settlement of this rigid footing after n days of applying the total load due to consolidation of clay deposit. Assume the bedrock is permeable (i.e. Drainage path = H/2)

(e) Plot the graph of settlement versus time (in log scale) for this footing

A completely mixed activated sludge process is to be used to treat a flow rate of 2.5 MGD. Design a rectangular activated sludge reactor with a 4:1 ratio of length to width. (design only 1 reactor for all flow). The effluent from the plant must not exceed 15 mg/L of BOD5. Use the following design criteria:

a. BOD5 influent = 250.0 mg/L

b. MLVSS (X) = 3500 mg/L

c. Reactor depth = 11 ft

d. Effluent BOD5 must be less than 20 mg/L

e. Y = 0.6 mg VSS/mg BOD5

f. K = 6 day-1

g. KS = 65 mg/L BOD5

h. Kd = 0.08 day -1

i. MLVSS/MLTSS = 0.75

Determine the following: a. Determine the minimum solids retention time (SRT) in days to meet discharge criteria

b. If the actual solids retention time is 4 days, what would be the volume of the activated sludge basin if the wasting flow rate is 40,000 gpd containing 6,400 mg/L of solids.

c. Using the volume of aeration basin in question (b) determine the dimensions of the basin, if the depth is 11 feet, to the nearest even foot

d. What is the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in hours, in the activated sludge basin?

4. Which chemical bond is involved in each of the following? Explain your answer. Justify
each answer with a reason.                                                                                                            []
a. Copper
b. Salt (Nacl).
c. Plastic cup.

* Please answer in clear and readable writing or by typing. The solution is with all the right steps.

The stratigraphy in a site from top to bottom are (1) 4.5 m thick sand; (2) 4.5 m thick clay; (3) impermeable shale. The water table is at a depth of 2 m below ground. The sand above the water table has a void ratio of 0.52 and a saturation degree of 37%. The clay has a moisture content of 42%. The specific gravity of both the sand and clay is 2.65. If constructing a foundation whose bottom is at a depth of 3m, resulting in the extra stress at the top and the bottom of the clay layer is 100 kPa and 40 kPa, respectively. According to the consolidation test, the void ratio of the clay corresponding to 50, 100 and 200 kPa are 1.02, 0.922 and 0.828, respectively. The settlement of the clay layer will be_____________(mm). (One-dimensional settlement is applicable. The density of water is 1000 kg/m³)

1. You suspect that a railroad embankment is unstable and exhibiting a slip failure. To confirm this and to monitor the conditions, what instrumentation and testing do you consider using and why? What soil exploration would you consider?

i need a research about the main usage of reinforced concrete structure including it's applications and primary advantages and disadvantages additionally , discuss the main types of each structural elements such slaps, beams , columns and foots

#1 Parts

a). Identify and explain at least three factors that contribute to sprawl.
b). Identify and explain at least three strategies that are intended to counteract sprawl.
c). Identify and explain at least three different BMPs for low-impact development.

A rectangular cross section beam (A) made of steel constructed in an industrial building
between two columns which are “X” m apart. The beam is acting as a support for one end of a pair of crane wheel (B). The distance b/w wheels are “Y” m. The crane is used to lift max. of Z tonnes of load which is having hook at the centre of crane. Draw shear force and B.M of all types of beam
diagram of the beam.
Case i) If the crane wheels are positioned at equal distances from centre of the beam.
Case ii) If one of the crane wheels is exactly at the centre.
Case iii) If one of the crane wheels comes exactly over a column.
Also find the max. bending stresses in the beam for the first case considering the depth (d) as twice the width of the beam.
X =6m,Y =1m ,Z=15 tonnes, Depth (d)=500mm

Please provide step be step solution

At a depth of 7km in the ocean,the pressure is 71.6Mpa assume a specific weight at the surface 10.03kn/m3 and average bulk modulus of elasticity of 2.34Gpa for that pressure range find (a) the change in specific volume between the surface and 7km (b) specific volume at 7km (c) the specific weight at 7km

A groundwater contains the following constituents to be treated by the lime-soda process to the minimum hardness possible has the following characteristics:

CO2 = 62.0 mg/L HCO3- = 250.0 mg/L as CaCO3

Ca2+ = 80.00 mg/L Cl- = 35 mg/L

Mg2+ = 36.6 mg/L SO42- = 96.0 mg/L

Na+ = 23.0 mg/L

The facility is to treat 50 x 106 L/day of water from this source using lime-soda ash to reduce the hardness.

a) Determine the total hardness, carbonate hardness, and non-carbonate hardness in mg/L as CaCO3.

b) Determine the lime and soda-ash dosages for softening (units of kg/day). Assume that the lime is 90 percent CaO by weight and the soda ash is pure sodium carbonate.