For a small scale hydraulic power system, the elevation difference between the reservoir water surface and the pond water surface downstream of the reservoir is 20.35. The velocity of the water exhausting into the pond is 7 m/s, and the discharge through the system is 4 m³/s. The head loss due to friction in the penstock (inlet pipe to turbine, under very high pressure) is negligible. Find the power produced by the turbine in kilowatts. Assume specific weight of water is 9810 N/m³ and g = 9.81 m/s²

1. The annual precipitation measurements (Pi in cm) for M city, over a 20year period are shown in the following table. Determine the mean, standard deviation, and skew coefficient for this series.

2. Determine the mean, standard deviation, and skew coefficient for the log values of annual rainfall for M City, given in Problem 1. Also determine the mean precipitation (in cm) of the log-transformed data.

Please clarify each step of the solution.

1. The annual precipitation measurements (Pi in cm) for M city, over a 20year period are shown in the following table. Determine the mean, standard deviation, and skew coefficient for this series.

2. Annual precipitation measurements (Pi in cm) for M City, were given in Problem 1. Determine the magnitude of the 10-year precipitation depth if the data fit:

1. the normal distribution.
2. the Gumbel distribution.

How many times was the P10 (normal) exceeded in the 20-year annual precipitation record given in Problem 1 ?

Please clarify each step of the solution

A 1200 mm deep by 750 mm wide post-tensioned simply supported beam is shown below. The beam spans 12.0 m and is subject to a superimposed dead load of 50 kN/m and a live load of 35 kN/m. Both the superimposed dead load and live load are applied after transfer (after stressing has taken place). The tendon is located at the mid-height of the beam at each end, and its centreline sits 50 mm from the base at midspan. The concrete strength at transfer is 22 MPa, and at maturity is 40 MPa. Assume E_c = 32800 MPa, γ_c = 24 kN/m³ and ignore any prestress losses.

a)            If P_i = 2700 kN, assess the adequacy of the beam at transfer. In addition, assuming P_i cannot be changed, briefly describe three methods that could be used to ensure the transfer stresses are within code limits.

Horizontal Curve Problem- A field measurement of an existing two-lane curved roadway (horizontal curve) indicates that the chord length (C) for the inside radius of the road (roadway edge line) is 312.5 ft and the distance from the middle of the chord to the roadway edge line 25 feet. The road has 28 feet of travel way, 14 feet for each lane. Respond to the next three questions about this horizontal curve.

1. Radius for the horizontal curve to the center of the road most nearly is: A. 515ft B. 494ft. C. 501ft. D. 508ft.

2. The sight distance fir the roadway is most nearly: A. 362.5ft. B.355.8ft. C. 365.0ft. D. 360.5ft.

3. Safe operating speed for this section of the Road most nearly is: A.50MPH. B.35MPH. C.40MPH. D.45MPH

Sustainable Concept

Air pollution in Asia has worsened since 2000 and is responsible for deaths of thousands of people in Beijing, Jakarta, Seoul and Manila. The pollution is a result of the use of fossil fuels by the industry and transport sectors. The problem got aggravated in Asia due to the use of poor quality fuel, inefficient method of energy production, use of vehicles in poor condition and traffic congestion. This was revealed during a research conducted by World Bank and Stockholm Development Institute. The research states that air pollution in the continent has surpassed the combined emissions in Europe and North America. The deaths caused by fine particulate matter far exceed those caused by sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone and lead. The health cost in major Asian cities now exceed for 15-18 percent of urban income expenditure, claims World Bank officials.

a) A comprehensive campaign to address air pollution need to be launched through school children, what programme (one) would you envisage for this. What is outcome anticipated?

b) There is a sudden decision to remove all vehicles from the road that fails to meet specified norms of emission level within a specified time period. As part of citizen forum you are requested to give views on the enforced regulation. State your views on this.

c) A massive campaign on environmental degradation is to be initiated. Bring out a slogan and the key message that need to be addressed.

d) Suppose you are a Carbon Credit Auditor appointed to assess the greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies. Identify a component of assessment and brief the methodology that could be adopted in connection with this.

Discuss the effect of reservoir fluid properties on completion design

Will the time frame of a project affect the completion design? Discuss.

Discuss the challenges posed by the drilling activities on reservoir completion.

List three common examples of how we use the low stiffness of polymers to our great advantage in numerous applications. In each application, explain how the polymer’s low stiffness comes into play. In your common examples, you are looking for applications that rely on a small amount of elastic deformation to perform their function properly.

The following data on chlorine dioxide added as a disinfectant to water

Determine:  

a) The decay rate, k* of chlorine dioxide in this water

b) The initial dose of disinfectant C_o that pathogens in the water would experience

c) The immediate demand C_ID for chlorine dioxide if 3.0 mg/L is the dosage.