Question

#1 Parts

a). Identify and explain at least three factors that contribute to sprawl.
b). Identify and explain at least three strategies that are intended to counteract sprawl.
c). Identify and explain at least three different BMPs for low-impact development.

Answer 1

ANSWER.(a).

Factors that contribute to sprawl are as follows :-

• Population growth:- population growth leads to sprawl as requirement for residential area and construction of new buildings for residence.
• Rising incomes:- Increase incomes leads to allow residents to purchase large living spaces.
• Lower land rates:- Lower rates of houses & lands in the suburbs of the cities.
• Rise in standard of living.
• Lack of urban planning, etc.

ANSWER.(b).

Three strategies to control sprawl :-

• Conservation of natural resources:- urban sprawl is destroying the environmental and economic value of natural resources. Preserving this natural resources will keep the land as it is and thus stopping new construction & development.
• Revitalization cities & old towns:- instead of constructing new cities and townships it is better option to revitalize cities and older towns. And creating urban boundaries will result in controlling sprawl.
• Betterment of low income household conditions:- one of the important part of Residents in suburbs is people who migrate for improvement of the family life. Paying financial credits, preparation of affordable housing and reasonal subsidies are some solution from improving their living conditions.
• Control growth and protection of lands.
• Creative and efficient management.
• Participation and providing infrastructure cost.

ANSWER.(c).

BMP - Best Management Practices

BMPs for low impact development are as follows:-

• Preserving vegetation and landscape areas :- the management of existing and proposed vegetation at a Land Development site can significantly reduce site's impact on downstream waterways and water bodies. Vegetated areas reduce the run off volumes and peaks through infiltration, surface storage, and evapotranspiration by providing previous surface for ground water recharge.
• Minimizing land Disturbance:- this help in reducing post development site runoff volumes and pollutant loads and maintain existing groundwater recharge rates and other hydrologic characteristics by preserving existing site areas.
• Management of impervious lands :- increase in impervious cover in a watershed can be directly co-related to increased run-off volume and rates as well as waterways velocities, erosion, & flooding.

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