"Two reservoirs 1200 m apart are connected by a 50-cm smooth concrete pipe. If the two reservoirs have an elevation difference of 5 m, determine the discharge (20 degree C) in the pipe by the Darcy Weisbach equation, (b) the Hazen- Williams equation, (c) the Manning equation. Assume minor losses are negligible and verify your results with computer software."

Circular Clarifiers and Rectangular clarifiers are facilities are used for clarification of water and wastewater during treatment.

1- Write short notes on each one of them with more emphasis on the similarities and differences in treatment processes.

2- Advantages and disadvantages between the circular clarifiers and Rectangular clarifiers..

Describe the changes in Lincoln’s thinking that led to the Civil War being waged as a total war.

a rotating bending test was conducted on a steel coupon with the thinnest diameter at 8.15mm

a) explain and describe the rotating bending test

b) Describe the stress cycle that was used;

Name the four Contract Types and identify which two are suitable for Linear Asset projects.

1. Based on your observation of the reinforced beam’s tensile strength vs. the unreinforced beam, why do we use steel in most structural concrete?

Describe, briefly, the frost-heave phenomenon. How could you reduce the negative impacts of this phenomenon

Explain, briefly, the building layout process on construction sites

Briefly describe how the following is handled in wind load analysis:
i) Loading and cladding
ii) Fixity of cladding to a structural member
iii) Design of a structural member carrying cladding.

Identify the relevant case study of disaster and address policy background and issue? Use references

Identify policy response pathways to the chosen disaster and key factors that modulated the contrasting scenarios (ie., social, economic, environmental factors etc.)? Use references

A municipal wastewater treatment plant discharges 20,000 m3/d of treated wastewater to a stream. The wastewater has a BOD5 of 30 mg/L with a k1 of 0.23 d-1. The temperature of the wastewater is 20 oC, and the dissolved oxygen is 2.0 mg/L. The stream just above the point of wastewater discharge flows at 0.65 m3/s, has a BOD5 of 5.0 mg/L, and is 90% saturated with oxygen. The temperature of the stream is also 20 oC. After mixing, the combined stream and wastewater flows at a velocity of 0.5 m/s and the reaeration constant, k2, is 0.45 d-1. (a) What is the oxygen level of the stream when it reaches a point 2 days downstream? (b) What is the critical oxygen level in the stream and how far downstream will it occur?

A column of water is at rest in the southern hemisphere. If it is stretched so that its vertical extent is increased and if it is constrained such that its latitude cannot change, how will the parcel adjust to maintain a constant value of potential vorticity?