A soil has a natural water content of 10%, specific gravity of 2.65, and porosity of 0.45.

a) Find the dry unit weight and degree of saturation.

b) If the optimum water content for the soil from a standard proctor was 20%, how much water would have to be added to 1m^3 of the soil to increase the water content to an optimum level?

1. List one thing you could you change about the mixtures to increase flexural or tensile strength and briefly explain your reasoning behind why that would increase the strength.

Balance the interior angles of the traverse by applying equal corrections to each angle. If the azimuth (from north) of side EA is fixed at 169° 46', calculate the preliminary azimuths of the remaining sides. Report in D-M-S format. Interior Angles: A = 96° 05'; B = 95° 20'; C = 65° 15'; D = 216° 22'; and E = 67° 08'.

There is a tunnel (open-faced shield) in dense clayey silt soil, what are the potential problems about the construction of this tunnel??? Explain!

Thank you

1. a) Use Manning’s to determine the velocity of flow and the capacity of the following pipes:

   • 300mm PVC main installed at a slope of 3%

   • 375mm PVC main installed at a slope of 3%

   • 450mm PVC main installed at a slope of 3%

2. b) Comment on the percent increase in capacity when changing pipe to a larger size in the previous question. (You will have an answer for 300mm to 375mm and an answer for 375mm to 450mm. Your answer should be a % difference)

During the month of December, the average river inflow to a reservoir is 10m3/s while the dam bottom outlet releases 22 m3/s. Rainfall is measured as 30 mm uniformly distributed within the month. The average seepage from the reservoir is estimated 0.79 m3/s. The surface areas of the lake are measured from aerial photos as 15 and 11 Km2 and also the staff gauge readings of water surface are recorded as 105m and 102m in the beginning and at the end of the month respectively. (The reservoir volume at the start of the month was 98000 ML.)

a) Calculate average daily evaporation from the lake surface in mm/day.

b) Estimate pan evaporation in mm/day

c) Estimate evaporation from the reservoir surface if average wind velocity is 2.5 m/s and relative humidity is 20%. The mean air and mean water temperatures are the same and equal 20o C. The vapour pressure is recorded as 31 mb.

two cylindrical specimens A and B of a soil were loaded as follows. Both specimen were isotropically loaded by a stress of 200 kpa under drained conditions. Subsequently, the radial stress applied on specimen A was held constant and the axial stress was incrementally increased to 440 kpa under undrained conditions. The axial stress on specimen B was held constant and the radial stress was incrementally reduced to 50 kpa under drained conditions. plot the total and effective stress paths for each specimen assuming the soil is linear. isotropic. elastic material.calculate the maximum excess pore water pressure in specimen A.

3. You are a construction engineer working for a large utility contractor. The project you are working on is in New York City (Manhattan). You are installing approximately 1,000 L.F. of 48” dia. RCP for storm drains. Invert elevation ranges from 9’ to 14’ below grade.
   • Pay lines for the trench are indicated in the attached specification.
   • Soil characteristics range from SM to SC, based on the Unified Soil Classification.
   • What considerations would you make with regards to a trenching & shoring specifications for this pipe run? Your considerations should include:
   • Working on active & congested city streets
   • Encountering of groundwater
   • Anticipate encountering other underground utilities crossing over the trench +/- every 10 L.F.
   • Soil removal, storage, & backfilling. Soil can be re-used as suitable fill, providing concrete encasement & pavement specifications are met (make an assumption for pavement details, based on previous class notes).
   • Shoring specifications (type). Shoring must conform to OSHA requirements

• NOTE: It is not necessary to design a shoring system or calculate soil volumes. The answer should be a procedural or methodology consideration.

Hydraulic engineering:

A trapezoidal channel that has a 15 foot bottom width, Manning’s roughness coefficient of 0.033, bed slope of 0.0021 ft/ft, symmetrical side slopes of 4H:1V (s = 4), and conveys 250 cfs. It is dammed up to a depth of 4 feet. How far back upstream will it take for the M1 curve to reach normal depth?

    a.   1,430 ft.

    b.   1,894 ft.

    c.   2,302 ft.

    d.   2,934 ft.

    e.   3,486 ft.

Describe (in details) 5 factors, based on which contractors would specify their fees in construction projects.

explain the back washing and filtration process in a water treatment plant

Determine the number of lanes required according to Highway Capacity Manual 2010 methodology to achieve a target Level of Service (LOS) of C for a section of a freeway. The section characteristics are the following: rolling terrain, 15% trucks, 2% RVs, PHF = 0.90, AADT = 30,000 veh/day, 50% traffic in the design direction, 12 ft wide lanes, 5 ft right shoulder clearance, 4 ramps in 6 miles. Use 30^th highest hourly volume for design hour volume assuming that the value will be exceeded in 15% of similar locations.

What can we summarize about simply supported beam bridge?