Shown below are the results of water
quality analyses of a groundwater source. Because all of the
constituents were not analyzed, an ion balance may not be achieved.
The pH of the water is 7.6.
a. (8 points) Prepare a bar
chart of water composition.
b. (6 points) Based on the
bar chart, determine the total hardness, carbonate hardness,
non-carbonate hardness, and alkalinity (in the unit of mg/L as
CaCO3).
c. (6 points) Estimate the
concentrations of carbonate (CO32-) in...