Explain the differences and similarities between City Beautiful, Modernism, Post-Modernism, and Post Post-modernism, cite examples and show examples. What period are we entering now?

Explain why change orders can result in an issue of ethics in construction. Essay format

A series of vertical curves connect a 3% upgrade, a 2% downgrade, and another 3% upgrade moving west to east. These curves are designed such that they connect directly to one another (i.e., the PVT of the first curve is the PVC of the second curve). If the design speed of the alignment is 60 mi/h, what is the elevation difference between the two road segments (i.e., the vertical difference between the PVC of the first curve and the PVT of the second curve)? (20 points)

A horizontal curve along a two-lane highway with 12-ft lanes is designed with a central angle of 29.93 degrees and a superelevation rate of 8 percent. The station of the PC and PI are 100+00.00 and 103+22.36, respectively. Given this information:

a. Determine the design speed of this curve. (12 points)

b. Calculate the distance that must be cleared from the center of the inside lane in order to provide sufficient stopping sight distance (8 points)

Direct shear tests were performed on a dry, sandy soil. The size of the specimen was 50 mm x 50 mm x 20 mm (LxWxH). Test results are given in the following table. Find the shear stress parameters. Estimate the major and minor principal stresses, and the orientation of the principal stresses at failure for Test 2

Rainfall rates for successive 20-min periods of a 140-min storm are 1.5, 1.5, 6.0, 4.0, 1.0, 0.8, and 3.2 in/hr, totaling 6.0 in. Determine the rainfall excesses for successive periods by the Green-Ampt model and then report the cumulative storm runoff [in] below. Assume a saturate hydraulic conductivity of 0.8 in/hr, a porosity of 0.62, an initial moisture content of 0.28, and an average capillary suction of 7.2 in. The depression storage is 0.5 in.

. In three sentences or less, explain why traffic density and speed are related.

2. A pump delivers 30o C water from a supply reservoir to an elevated storage tank at a discharge rate of 120 litres/sec. At this discharge the manufacturer’s data indicates the net positive suction head (NPSH) for the pump is 6.0 m. The water surface elevation difference between the reservoir and the tank is 45.0 m. The total length of pipe between the two is 150.0 m, 10.0 m of which is located on the suction side of the pump. Minor loss coefficients in the 10.0 m suction pipe total to 3.7. The pipe material is ductile iron and has an inside diameter of 35.0 cm. If the pump is located 1.0 m to 3.0 m above the water surface in the supply reservoir (the height of the pump above the water surface varies because the water surface in the reservoir can vary), will the pump be susceptible to cavitation?

8. A water treatment plant with a surface water intake source is being designed for a municipality that has a water demand of 18 million gallons per day (MGD). It has been determined that the maximum daily summertime water temperature is 20oC, and the minimum daily wintertime water temperature is 5oC. It has been determined that the design of the disinfection system must achieve 2.5-log credit for Cryptosporidium removal or inactivation. Ozone will be used as the disinfectant with a concentration of 0.4 mg/L. If the contact basin is designed with three separate tanks in parallel, what volume should each tank be? In formulating your answer, use the Ct table specified in LT2ESWTR (provided below). Assume that the contact basins will behave as ideal plug flow reactors.

A facility emits 18 g SO₂ /s at an effective height of 60m. On a cloudy night, an anemometer at a height of 10 m above ground measures the wind-speed at 3.2 m/s.

1. Predict the ground-level SO₂ concentration 0.4 km directly downwind. (60 pts.)
2. What does the plume look like? Sketch a plot. (20 pts.)
3. What would the plume look like if there were an inversion layer at an elevation of 100 m? Sketch a plot. (20 pts.)

If a ground water contains H2S at concentration of 2 mg/L, determine the concentration of H2S in head space of a closed tank containing the ground water at at 20 ^oC. Given that for H2S, Henry’s constant (H) is equal to 5.15×10² atm at 20 ^oC.