Though steel have high tensile strength, detailing is necessary not only for the steel structures but also for the RCC members as it is the translation of all the mathematical expression’s result. For that matter, coin a comprehensive definition for detailing of reinforcement bar (steel).

A polymer rod is tested to determine its viscoelastic response. The rod’s cross-section is square with the side of 5mm. The rod’s length before loading is 500mm. A tensile force of 500N is applied to the rod and the rod’s length under load was measured as a function of time. Instantly after applying the load, the rod is stretched to 508mm. After 24 and 48 hour under load, the rod’s length was measured as 550mm and 570mm, respectively. The load was then removedand the rod’s length was measured as 525mm after a long time after the removal of the force (consider this as the permanent length). Determine the parameters of the Burger’s model for describing this type of mechanical behavior.

A wastewater treatment plant, which serves a population of 300,000 people, receives an average daily volume of 24 million gallons per day (MGD) at an average influent 5-day biochemical oxygen demand concentration of 200 mgBOD5/L and an average influent total suspended solids concentration of 220 mgTSS/L. The plant operates a primary sedimentation process that remove 65% of the incoming TSS and 35% of the incoming BOD5%. This process is followed by a secondary treatment process before discharge to the local waters.

9. What is plant average BOD5 loading? (answer will be given in the unit of !#. /01!") ,"-

10. Knowing the primary treatment BOD5 removal efficiency and the plant combined primary and secondary BOD5 removal efficiency. How much BOD5 is removed during secondary

    treatment every day? (answer will be given in !#. /01!") ,"-

11. The biomass is quantified in terms of volatile suspended solids concentration (VSS) . For example, if the content of a biological reactor has a VSS concentration of 2000 mgVSS/L, it is estimated that there is 2,000 mg of biomass per Liter of reactor.
    With that said, what will be the expected secondary treatment biomass production if the

    net biomass yield is 0.3 lb VSS/lb of BOD5 removed)? (answer will be given in !#. 633") ,"-

A wastewater treatment plant that treats wastewater to secondary treatment standards uses a primary sedimentation process followed by an activated sludge process composed of aeration tanks and a secondary clarifiers.
This problem focuses on the activated sludge process.

The activated sludge process receives a flow of 15 million gallons per day (MGD).
The primary sedimentation process effluent has a BOD5 concentration of 180 mgBOD5/L (this concentration is often referred as S). Before flowing into the activated sludge process, the primary effluent is mixed with the returned activated sludge (RAS) – concentrated biomass - that is continuously pumped out of the bottom of the secondary clarifiers. The returned activated sludge (RAS) ratio is 25%, in other word, an equivalent of 25% of plant flow (15 MGD) is pumped out of the bottom of the secondary clarifiers. The mixture of primary effluent and RAS forms make up the activated sludge, which is also called mixed liquor. The resulting mixed liquor has a total suspended solids (TSS) concentration of 2,500 mgTSS/L and a total volatile suspended solids (TVSS) concentration of 2,125 mgTVSS/L (this biomass concentration is often referred as X).
It flows into aeration thanks that have a total volume of 2.5 million gallons (Mgal) (this volume is often referred as V).

The mixed liquor then flow to secondary clarifiers that have a total volume of 5 million gallons.

Activated that settles at the bottom of the secondary clarifiers is pumped out of the tank. The majority is continuously sent back to the aeration tank as RAS but some is removed from the activated sludge process as waste activated sludge (WAS). The WAS has an average TSS concentration of 10,000 mg/L and a total mass of 10,000 lb of WAS TSS is removed every day.

The final effluent has an average BOD5 concentration of 12 mgBOD5/L and an average TSS concentration of 10 mg/L.

1. Draw a schematic of the activated sludge process and insert the different values given in the question.

2. What is the average RAS flowrate? (answer will be given in the unit of !!"#$" ?? ???) %&'

3. What is the average aeration process hydraulic detention time? Remember to include the RAS flowrate in your calculation (answer will be given in the unit of (hr))

4. What is the aeration process average BOD5 loading rate? Remember that the RAS data is

   not included in this calculation (answer will be given in the unit of ! $(*+, ")

   -... /0!1/ 23&4012 . %&'

5. What is the total mass of biomass present in the aeration tanks? (answer will be given in the unit of (lb TVSS))

6. What is the activated sludge food to microorganism (F/M) ratio? (answer will be given in the unit of ! $( *+, ") )

67 89:;; . %&'

7. The final effluent TSS is assumed to be composed of biomass that was not captured in the secondary clarification process. Therefore, the mass of final effluent TSS has to be included in the total amount of biomass removed (biomass leaving the system). With that said, what is the daily mass of TSS or biomass leaving the system with the final effluent? (answer will be given in the unit of (lb FE TSS))

8. What is the activated system sludge retention time (also called sludge age or mean cell retention time) when only considering the mass of activated sludge present in the aeration tank? (use the biomass TSS values for this question) (answer will be given in the unit of (day))

9. Based on the ”general loading and operational parameters for activated sludge process” table below, which activated process is the plant operating? (answer will be one of the 5 processes listed in the table)

10. Knowing the mass of WAS TSS removed and the WAS TSS concentration, what is the daily volume of WAS removed from the system? (answer will be given in the unit of (gallon/day))

11. Will the sludge age increase if the volume and mass of WAS removed from the system increase? (answer will be given as yes or no)

12. Will the type of bacteria present in the activated sludge and its performance likely to change as the sludge age is increased or decreased? (answer will be given as yes or no)

Environmental Engineering

Water Treatment.

Question 1:

Aeration is particularly utilized to supply oxygen in water treatment.

a) How much oxygen is required for drinking water?

b) How do the impurities (pollutants or other ions) in water affect aeration efficiency?

Question 2:  

A) How do you classify the settling types? Explain briefly.

B) Explain use of sedimentation units in water treatment (i.e. before or after which processes is sedimentation required).

A 12-inch diameter cast iron pipe conveys 1500 gpm of liquid at an industrial facility. At one point in the pipe, call it point A, a gage indicates that the pressure is 45 psi. Another point in the pipe, call it point B, is 175 ft downstream of point A (measured along the pipe). (a) Determine the head loss (ft) between points A and B if the liquid is: (i) SAE 30 oil at 60°F; (ii) water at 60°F. (b) Determine the pressure at point B, for both liquids, in the following cases: (i) point A is 18 ft higher than point B, (ii) point A is at the same elevation as point B, (iii) point A is 18 ft lower than point B.

Water flows between two reservoirs through 800 ft of 12-inch diameter welded-steel pipe. The water surface elevation difference between the two reservoirs is 16 ft. Find the flowrate (a) assuming head loss is only due to pipe friction, and (b) Accounting for both friction losses and minor losses due to a flush square-edged pipe entrance, the pipe exit, and a half-open gate valve in the line. Assume the water temperature is 60°F.

A 12-inch diameter cast iron pipe conveys 1500 gpm of liquid at an industrial facility. At one point in the pipe, call it point A, a gage indicates that the pressure is 45 psi. Another point in the pipe, call it point B, is 175 ft downstream of point A (measured along the pipe). (a) Determine the head loss (ft) between points A and B if the liquid is: (i) SAE 30 oil at 60°F; (ii) water at 60°F. (b) Determine the pressure at point B, for both liquids, in the following cases: (i) point A is 18 ft higher than point B, (ii) point A is at the same elevation as point B, (iii) point A is 18 ft lower than point B.

i need report for analysis steel structure with 5 or 6 page

please can you do this

i need your answer

can you or cant you

A 12-inch diameter cast iron pipe conveys 1500 gpm of liquid at an industrial facility. At one point in the pipe, call it point A, a gage indicates that the pressure is 45 psi. Another point in the pipe, call it point B, is 175 ft downstream of point A (measured along the pipe). (a) Determine the head loss (ft) between points A and B if the liquid is: (i) SAE 30 oil at 60°F; (ii) water at 60°F.  (b) Determine the pressure at point B, for both liquids, in the following cases: (i) point A is 18 ft higher than point B, (ii) point A is at the same elevation as point B, (iii) point A is 18 ft lower than point B.

3) The centre-line of a new railway is to be set out along a valley. The first straight AI bears 75°, whilst the connecting straight IB bears 120°. Due to site conditions it has been decided to join the straights with a simple curve of 500 m radius. Calculate necessary elements for designing the curve if the station of the intersection point I is (325+6.7).

1. In your own language outline the material quality controls for the construction of a complex infrastructure project.

2.Determine the constructability of a two-story CMU wall of wind load 30 ibf/ft² with allowable stress 40 ibf/in2. The wall is 10 feet height of each floor and the section modulus is 160 in³/ft?

3. An office has a floor area of 2000 ft² and maximum occupants are 40. Cool air is supplied from ceiling diffusers. If the efficiency is 1, determine how much air ventilation requires as per ASHRAE

4. Determine the additional scope of work for a change order of concrete work of 210x150 size one story building of an ongoing mega project. Assume SOF is 14” and building height is 12’?

You have a symmetrical sag vertical curve of Length = 6 stations. The entering tangent from the left has a gradient of –6% and the exiting tangent has a gradient of +4%. The VPC Station has an elevation of 250.00 feet (which will be your C-Value) and its station distance is measured to be at 40+00 stations. You will now do the following:

Find the elevation and station of the VPI.

Find the elevation and station of the VPT

Find the elevations on the curve at every station from the VPC, ending at the VPT.

Confirm the station elevation at the VPT comparing the value you obtained from your curve computation with the value you obtained from the tangent gradient computation. Find the elevation and station of the low point on the curve.
If this is not possible, use your long form calculations with statements with what you are doing. JUST DON’T GIVE ME A BUNCH OF NUMBERS I CAN’T FOLLOW. Use a sheet of paper to you draw the diagram that will help you to follow through your calculations.