1. Identify limitations on the application of Conservation of Energy.

Water flows from a large 4m detention basin (100m by 50m) along a 200mm diameter pipe for a distance of 100m at a slope of 1:200. The pipe centerline is 300mm above the base of the basin and it drains freely to a nearby channel. Calculate the steady flow rate if: (a) the flow is assumed ideal, (b) the pipe is considered smooth for the purposes of the Moody Diagram. (c) the pipe has a relative roughness of 0.006. (d) the time to empty the basin for case (c).

Why is it important for engineers to consider the environment in their projects?

Talk about Water Supply system and how it works and how its useful for use in 2 typed pages long in word.dox, you may provide pictures

Consider the contribution of the Romans to modern day water and wastewater engineering practice. Provide a summary of the key engineering concepts developed by the Roman public health engineers?

Explain various types of spikes with a neat sketchs.

Q1- What is the difference between centric and eccentric footings? How would they be used?

Q2- In addition to isolated footings, what are some other types of footings, and how/where are they used?

include the Harvard style reference for each answer.

history of steel structures ?

1. Circle the correct answer of the following (True/False)
2. 1. Groundwater flows faster that surface water (T/F)
   2. Water table is the locus of points where water pressure is zero relative pressure (T/F)
   3. Aquiclude is a synonym to confining layer (T/F)
   4. Perched water table is a water table that forms below a restrictive layer near the soil surface (T/F)
   5. In confined aquifer, hydraulic gradient equals to the slope of the piezometric surface (T/F)
   6. In unconfined aquifer, hydraulic gradient is the water deriving force and equals to slope of water table surface (T/F)
   7. oceans lose more water by evaporation than they gain by precipitation (T/F)
   8. Land surfaces receive more water as precipitation than they lose by evapotranspiration (T/F)
   9. Residence time of lakes is lower than that in rivers (T/F)
   10. Residence time is the time required to replace a given ocean constituent by river supply (T/F)
   11. Residence time tells how quickly or slowly a river constituent can respond to a change in the constituent supply or removal rates (T/F)

Explain the necessity of gradients. Discuss all types of gradients giving their permissible values adopted on Indian Railways.

For a closed- loop leveling measurement, if the misclosure error C is 9 mm, the travel distance ( the perimeter of the leveling loop) K is 2000 meters, please determine the order of leveling accuracy?

Identify the significance of the egg shaped ovoid sewer design and discuss the development of sewer design and construction that led to the present day solutions?