How does the tension crack in the clay backfill affect the active earth pressure? Explain briefly.

There are four criteria what determines the maximum weight of a train. Explain these 4 as per your own understanding

• • Power of the locomotive(s)
  • Percentage of inclination
  • Speed of the train (timetable speed)
  • Acceleration
• Explain these 4 criteria

Design a rectangular reinforced concrete beam for a simple span of 32 ft. Uniform service loads are 1.5 kips/ft dead load and 2.0 kips/ft live load. Assuming that the total depth h is not to exceed 32 in. and that there is no limitation on the width b. Use f′c = 3000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi. Sketch your design

. Make a presentation to show what/how energy conservation measures can be used for lighting controls and to save energy. (You can do net and literature based research here but answer in your own words with proper references)

(please w type it and make it in points)

A culvert for a new roadway fill is to be designed for a 25 year flood. Hydrologic
analysis results in a peak discharge of 5.66 m3
/s for this flood. The inlet invert
elevation is 30.48m, natural stream bed slope is 0.01,tailwater depth above the outlet
invert level is 1.1m, culvert length is 60.96 m and the roadway shoulder elevation is
33.5m. Design a concrete pipe culvert for this site. Assume that the accepted design
practice requires a 0.61m freeboard between the water surface in the upstream pool
and the shoulder. Also, the culvert will be a circular concrete pipe with the square
edge with headwall

For a given soil, the following are given: Gs = 2.67; moist unit weight is 17.61 kN/m3, and moisture content = 10.8%. Determine the weight of water, in KN, to be added per cubic meter :

100& degree of saturation (kN/m3)

how we can strengthen the existing buildings against earthquake effects?

existing old buildings

Q5) Prepare a mix design (Use ACI Method of Mix Design) which will be used for a pier located at the South Carolina. South Carolina is hot and humid with daytime temperatures averaging between 30–34 °C in most of the state and overnight lows averaging 21–23 °C on the coast and from 19–23 °C inland. Winter temperatures are much less uniform in South Carolina. Coastal areas of the state have very mild winters with high temperatures approaching an average of 16 °C and overnight lows in the 5-8 °C. Inland, the average January overnight low is around 2 °C in Columbia and just below freezing in the Upstate. While precipitation is abundant the entire year in almost the entire state, the coast tends to have a slightly wetter summer, while inland March tends to be the wettest month. Pier will be constructed during winter season. The specified strength is 29 MPa at 28 days and it is required that no more than 2 test result in 400 will fall below the specified strength. The sieve analysis result of used aggregate is given in Table.

BS Sieve   Mass Retained (gr)
10.0 mm   0
5.00 mm   8
2.36 mm   27
1.18 mm   43
600 μm   51
300 μm   90
150 μm   39
< 150 μm   10

For the other properties of fine aggregate, a specified amount of sand particles were taken from stockpile to determine the physical properties. 490 gr of saturated surface dry aggregate was prepared for this test. Mass of container was filled with water and weighted as 1437 gr. Then sand particles were added to the container which were initially filled by water and weighted as 1605 gr and after 24 hours the samples were taken from oven and weighted as 480 gr.

For Coarse aggregate: SSD bulk specific gravity: 2.75, absorption capacity = 1.5 %, total moisture: 2.5 %, Dry-rodded unit weight: 1500 kg/m3.
Cement: Type V, Sp.Gravity:3.1. For 0.34 m3 of concrete the cement content should not be exceeded 110 kg.

A site investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of the material from a borrow pit for a gravel road construction. A 174.33 mm (internal diameter) thin-walled sampling tube was pushed into the bottom of a trial pit and a 218.72 mm long undisturbed specimen, weighing 4802.9 g, was obtained. When dried in the oven, the specimen weighed 4382.99 g. The specific gravity of the soil grains was measured and found to be Gs = 2.66, Determine the following:

the total volume of the soil
the volume of the solids
the volume of water
the volume of voids
the volume of air
the total mass of the soil
the mass of the solids
the mass of water
find the void ratio,
water content,
degree of saturation,
bulk density
and dry density.
The order in which you determine these variables is up to you. You will be writing down your answers in the following 13 questions (one variable at a time).

Use units of Mg for masses and m for lengths.

You may take the density of water to be 1.0 Mg.m3

explain the calculation principle of hardy-cross method in pipe networks

Assuming a linear speed-density relationship. the mean free speed is observed to be 65 mph at near zero density and the corresponding jam density is 160 veh/mi. Assume that the average length of vehicles is 20 feet.

a) Write down the equations for speed-density and flow-density relationships

b) Calculate the speed and density corresponding to a flow of 1000 veh/hr

c) Calculate the average time headway and average space headway when the traffic flow is at maximum value