Question

MUSCLES OF THE NECK

Superficial Neck Muscles:

• Sternocleidomastoid

QUESTION:
1. Explain how during unilateral activation, the SCM can contralaterally rotate the neck

Deep Neck Muscles:

• Scalenes

QUESTION:
2. Would the scalene muscles assist with forced or passive respiration?

MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

Axioappendicular Muscles:

• Trapezius

• Rhomboid Major

• Pectoralis Minor

• Latissimus Dorsi

• Rhomboid Minor

• Subclavius

•Levator Scapulae

-Pectoralis Major

-Serratus Anterior

QUESTIONS

3. Which muscles are deep and which ones are superficial?

4. Why do pectoralis major and minor have such different actions?

5. Which muscle is most responsible for a “winged scapula”?

Back Muscles:

• Iliocostalis • Longissimus • • Semispinalis • Multifidus • Spinalis -Rotatores

QUESTIONS:

6. What is the overall function of the erector spinae muscle group with bilateral contraction? Unilateral contraction?

7. What is the overall function of the transversospinales group with bilateral contraction? Unilateral contraction?

Abdominal Muscles:

• Rectus Abdominis

• External Oblique

• Tendinous Intersections

• Transversus Abdominis

• Internal Oblique

• Abdominal Aponeurosis

• Linea Alba
• Inguinal Ligament

QUESTION:

8. What is the relative position of each of the 4 muscles (i.e. which is deepest, which is most superficial)?

9. What structures underlie the “6-pack” seen in people with strong abdominal muscles?

10.How would you specifically strengthen the oblique muscles?

ANSWER ALL OF THE BOLDED TEXT ABOVE.

Answer 1

Answer 1

• The sternocleidomastoid originates from the sternum and the medial part of the clavicle
• Passes backward and inserts on the mastoid process of the skull.
• When the sternocleidomastoid muscle ( unilateral ) contracts the mastoid process approximates with the medial end of the clavicle.
• As a result, the head ( skull) rotates contralaterally.

Answer 2

• The scalene muscle is an accessory muscle of respiration.
• That means this muscle is useful only during forced respiration.
• In Quite respiration, the diaphragm is the muscle of inspiration.
• Quite exhalation is caused by the elastic recoil of the lung
• The scalene muscles are attached to the first and the second ribs.
• During forceful inspiration, the scalene muscle contract and elevate the upper ribs and the sternum.
• This increases the anterior-posterior diameter of the thoracic cavity.
• This is called the pump-handle movement.

Answer 3:

Superficial muscle -

1. pectoralis major
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Trapezium

Deep muscle -

1. Serratus anterior
2. Pectoralis minor
3. Rhomboid major and minor
4. levator scapulae
5. Subclavian

Answer 4 :

The pectoralis major and minor have different actions because their point of insertion is different:

Pectoralis major inserts on the lateral lip of the bicipital groove

Pectoralis minor inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula.

Answer 5:

Winged scapulae is a condition in which the scapulae protrude out of the back.

Normally, the scapulae lie flat against the chest wall.

The paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle gives rise to winged scapule