Questions
!!Questions are at the bottom!! This is A&P 1. Please read the numbered line story below....

!!Questions are at the bottom!! This is A&P 1.

Please read the numbered line story below. Based upon your knowledge and understanding of anatomy and physiology as presented in this course, please provide comprehensive responses to each question presented.

  1. In one terrifying second the lights in the expansive basement file room went dark.
  2. The young file clerk was instantly disoriented—unable to even see her hand in front of her face.
  3. She waited a few long seconds and she was finally able to make out the shadowy outlines of file cabinets.
  4. She then became aware of strange noises around her.
  5. Tried as she did, she was unable to discern the source of the noises or even what they were.
  6. She decided that she had to find her way out of the shadowy basement.
  7. Though she could not see her feet, she carefully put one foot in front of the other and began to walk,
  8. Her arms outstretched to avoid bumping into the filing cabinets, she slowly worked her way through the maze of cabinets.
  9. As she continued her dark odyssey, she suddenly stopped.
  10. One of those unrecognizable noises sounded terribly familiar.
  11. The sound of labored breathing, dragging chains, and a gait characterized by a terribly dragging foot on the cold concrete floor, a low moaning growl, menacingly whispering her name.
  12. She is now outside in a thick forest.
  13. Running as fast as she can the sounds of chains and moaning racing behind her.
  14. Her heart is pounding, eyes wide, a heightened sense of terror begins to consume her but she continues to run.
  15. Her legs begin to ache.
  16. It is becoming harder and harder to keep up the pace.
  17. The menacing sounds of chains and moaning is getting closer and closer.
  18. Finally, she can run no more.
  19. She falls to the ground.
  20. As she is breathing heavily, gasping for air, the terrifying sounds of her pursuer get closer and closer.
  21. She feels vibration of the ground decrease as the monster seems to move away from her.
  22. She calms, she begins planning her next moves...but then the vibrations increase
  23. She braces herself for the worst. And then…
  24. her five year old son jumps onto the bed…”Mommy it’s time to get up!!”
  25. Damn these nightmares
vvQUESTIONSvv

1) Please discuss the division of the peripheral nervous system most likely critically active in the underlined portion of Line 22.

2) Please describe the neural pathway (from PNS to CNS) that makes Line 21 possible.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

How to assess thyroid disorders medically and nutritionally? (please write in details)

How to assess thyroid disorders medically and nutritionally? (please write in details)

In: Anatomy and Physiology

INPATIENT HOSPITAL Gender: M Age: 15 Preprocedure assessment: Presented to ED with vomiting, acute abdominal pain,...

INPATIENT HOSPITAL Gender: M Age: 15

Preprocedure assessment: Presented to ED with vomiting, acute abdominal pain, RLQ tenderness, T 101 degrees

Procedure description: Appendectomy. Made three small umbilical incisions and placed laparoscope. Expanded abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide to aid visualization. Grasped appendix and divided with stapler. Cauterized appendiceal stump. Removed appendix, irrigated and suctioned abdominal cavity. Removed instruments and closed incision. Patient tolerated procedure well, no complications.

Postprocedure diagnosis: Acute appendicitis with rupture

1. What is the stated procedure?
  
2. What organ or body part is involved?
  
3. Is the procedure description what you would expect based on the name of the procedure?
  
4. Was more than one procedure, or a combined procedure, performed?
  
5.Review the Key Criteria for Abstracting Root Operations. To which question did you answer yes?
  
6.Review the definitions of the root operations that answer this question. Which root operation correctly describes this procedure?
  
7. Review the Key Criteria for Abstracting the Approach. What surgical approach is used?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

INPATIENT HOSPITAL Gender: F Age: 48 Preprocedure diagnosis: Mass in left breast Procedure description: Needle biopsy....

INPATIENT HOSPITAL Gender: F Age: 48

Preprocedure diagnosis: Mass in left breast

Procedure description: Needle biopsy. Using a needle, took out a tissue sample from the left breast that was previously marked with a wire.

Postprocedure diagnosis: Benign neoplasm, breast per pathology report

1. What is the stated procedure?
  
2. What organ or body part is involved?
  
3. Is the procedure description what you would expect based on the name of the procedure?
  
4. Was more than one procedure, or a combined procedure, performed?
  
5. Review the Key Criteria for Abstracting Root Operations. To which question did you answer yes?
  
6. Review the definitions of the root operations that answer this question. Which root operation correctly describes this procedure?
  
7. Review the Key Criteria for Abstracting the Approach. What surgical approach is used?
  
8. Review the Key Criteria for Abstracting the Qualifier. Was the procedure diagnostic or therapeutic?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

The powerhouse of the cell that generates ATP is Peroxisomes Mitochondria Plasma membrane Golgi body The...

  1. The powerhouse of the cell that generates ATP is
  1. Peroxisomes
  2. Mitochondria
  3. Plasma membrane
  4. Golgi body
  1. The connective tissue disorder due to a mutation on chromosome 15 causing weak joints and ligaments is
  1. Tay-sachs disease
  2. Marfan syndrome
  3. Phenylketonuria
  4. Neurofibromatosis

  1. Carcinogenesis involves three stages. Which stage involves the induction of unregulated accelerated growth in susceptible cells?
  1. Initiation.
  2. Transduction.
  3. Promotion.
  4. Progression.

  1. Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces

  1. Fat necrosis.
  2. Caseous necrosis.
  3. Liquefactive necrosis.
  4. Coagulative necrosis.

  1. Lack of exercise during an illness may cause skeletal muscle to undergo:

  1. hypertrophy
  2. dysplasia
  3. atrophy
  4. necrosis
  1. Metaplasia is

  1. The disorganization of cells into various sizes, shapes, and arrangements.
  2. The replacement of one differentiated cell type with another.
  3. The transformation of a cell type to malignancy.
  4. An irreversible cellular adaptation.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Define the term acute coronary syndrome and distinguish among chronic stable angina, unstable angina (UA), non-ST–segment...

Define the term acute coronary syndrome and distinguish among chronic stable angina, unstable angina (UA), non-ST–segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in terms of pathology and symptomatology.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Describe the possible mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Describe mechanisms of development of atheroschlerosis....

Describe the possible mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis.

Describe mechanisms of development of atheroschlerosis.

Discuss the major risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Describe the major complications of atherosclerosis.

Discus the arterial involvement in atherosclerosis.

List the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Select the MOST CORRECT answer. Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mostly bound to hemoglobin...

Select the MOST CORRECT answer.

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mostly bound to hemoglobin or dissolved in plasma.

Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than myoglobin, allowing a fairly rapid movement of oxygen from muscle to plasma during exercise.

Bicarbonate ion is pumped into and out of the red blood cell by a chloride antiporter.

Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect.

a), b) and c) are all correct.

Select the MOST CORRECT answer. Hemoglobin...

is nearly saturated with oxygen in most tissues, regardless of the partial pressure of oxygen.

exhibits different affinity for oxygen, depending on its environment.

has four Heme groups where oxygen and carbon dioxide bind.

Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect.

a), b) and c) are all correct.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Select the MOST CORRECT answer. Countercurrent exchange... occurs in the gills of most fish when water...

Select the MOST CORRECT answer. Countercurrent exchange...

occurs in the gills of most fish when water and blood flow in opposite directions allowing gas exchange.

does not require energy for gas exchange, as oxygen and carbon dioxide move down their concentration gradient.

is a process used in capillary beds of mammalian lungs.

Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect.

a), b) and c) are all correct.

Regarding human reproduction (select the MOST CORRECT statement):

At the time of ovulation, the released ovum has not completed meiosis.

In the absence of pregnancy, the corpus luteum degenerates and plasma progesterone levels decline.

Fertilization results in the formation of a zygote, which is a single diploid cell that implants in the uterus.

Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect

a), b) and c) are all correct

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Regarding human reproductive physiology (select the MOST CORRECT statement): One primary spermatocyte can develop into four...

Regarding human reproductive physiology (select the MOST CORRECT statement):

One primary spermatocyte can develop into four spermatozoa.

In females, germ cells (oogonia) undergo mitosis after puberty.

Polar bodies can be found in both the testes and the ovaries.

Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect

a), b) and c) are all correct

ACTH is a hypothalamic hormone.

ACTH binds to and activates receptors located on the surface of cells of the adrenal cortex.

High levels of ACTH that result from a pituitary tumor lead to low levels of cortisol due to a negative feedback loop.

Both a) and b) are correct and c) is incorrect

a), b) and c) are all correct

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1a. Explain the significance of glutamate in the brain and of NMDA receptors. 1b. Describe the...

1a. Explain the significance of glutamate in the brain and of NMDA receptors.

1b. Describe the mechanism of action of glycine and GABA as neurotransmitters, and discuss their significance.

1c. Explain how nitric acid is produced in the body, and describe its functions.

1d. Define spatial summation and temporal summation, and explain their functional importance.

1e. Explain how postsynaptic inhibition is produced and how IPSPs and EPSPs can interact.

1f. Describe the mechanism of presynaptic inhibition.produced.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

2. Upper Digestive Tract (A) Discuss the stomach and include one usual abnormal finding (B) Discuss...

2. Upper Digestive Tract

(A) Discuss the stomach and include one usual abnormal finding

(B) Discuss the esophagus and include one usual abnormal finding

(C) Discuss the components of the "Moth" and include one usual abnormal finding

(D) Discuss the tongue and include one usual abnormal finding

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1a. Explain how chemically regulated channels differ from voltage-regulated channels and the nature of excitatory and...

1a. Explain how chemically regulated channels differ from voltage-regulated channels and the nature of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.

1b. Explain how ligand-gated channels are opened, using nicotinic ACh receptors as an example.

1c. Explain how ligand-gated channels operate, using muscarinic ACh receptors as an example.

1d. Describe where stimulatory and inhibitory effects of muscarinic ACh receptors occur and how these effects are produced.

1e. Compare the properties of EPSPs and action potentials, identify where in a neuron these are

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1a. Describe how the permeability of the axon membrane to Na 1 and K 1 is...

1a. Describe how the permeability of the axon membrane to Na 1 and K 1 is regulated and how changes in permeability to these ions affect the membrane potential.

1b. Describe how gating of Na 1 and K 1 in the axon membrane results in the production of an action potential.

1c. Explain the all-or-none law of action potentials, and describe the effect of increased stimulus strength on action potential production. How do the refractory periods affect the frequency of action potential production?

1d. Describe how action potentials are conducted by unmyelinated nerve fibers. Why is saltatory conduction in myelinated fibers more rapid?

1e. Describe the location of neurotransmitters within an axon and explain the relationship between presynaptic axon activity and the amount of neurotransmitters released.

1f. Describe the sequence of events by which action potentials stimulate the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic axons.

In: Anatomy and Physiology

How do you feel about your current body weight and what influence does society have on...

How do you feel about your current body weight and what influence does society have on the way you perceive yourself in terms of your weight? Do your body composition results make you feel any different about the way you see your current body weight and image?

In: Anatomy and Physiology

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