discuss the factors affecting the transport of oxygen in the blood

. Describe the immune response (both humoral and cell-mediated) to Ebola and Coronavirus that typically occurs (please include a graphic depiction).

Explain the terms hyperpolarization and depolarization

300 WORDS, MUST BE detailed on the answer.

Identify one specific cell type found anywhere along the digestive tract. What is their function? Why is the function of the cell you identified important?

1. Can we consider the embryo a parasite in a womans body? WHY or WHY not

Case 3

Brenda Williams is a 73 year old retired seamstress. She is a chain smoker. When her employer announced that smoking would no longer be allowed in the store, she retired. Since her retirement, Mrs. Williams has not been feeling well. She fatigues easily, even with light exertion. She has dyspnea and recently has begun to sleep on two pillows.

Early this morning, Mrs. Williams woke up with severe dyspnea and called 911. EMTs found her alert and oriented, and in significant respiratory distress. Her skin was pale with cyanotic nail beds, cool, and moist. Her pulse was 112, regular, and strong. Her respirations were 26, regular rhythm and depth, and labored. She had an increased anteroposterior chest diameter and audible expiratory wheezes. Blood pressure was 128/85. SpO2 was 83%. They noted pitting edema of her ankles. She denied chest pain. They put her on oxygen and transported her to the emergency room.

Her physician noted a long expiratory phase in her breathing. Based on this observation, her history, and her vital signs, he ordered the following tests:

Pulmonary function tests:
Vorced Expiratory Capacity (FEV1): reduced Residual volume: increased
Laboratory values:
Hemoglobin 14.5 g/dL (normal 12-15 g/dL) Arterial PO2 48 mmHg (normal 100 mmHg) O2 saturation 86% (normal 98-100%)
Arterial PCO2 69 mmHg (normal 40 mmHg) HCO3-: 34 mEq/L (normal 24 mEg/L)
pH: 7.31

The physician concludes that Mrs. Williams has a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Questions:

9. Explain why Mrs. Williams was in respiratory distress.

10.Explain the physiological reasons for the signs that the EMTs assessed (skin, pulse, respiration, anteroposterior chest diameter, blood pressure, pulse oximetry, and pitting edema).

11.Explain the physiological reasons for each of her test results (both pulmonary and laboratory).

12.Which acid-base disorder does she have? What is the cause? What is the compensation? How does this alter oxygen delivery to the tissues?

13.Explain why her hemoglobin was normal but her SpO2 and her arterial PO2 were low. Should these tests have similar outcomes?

C. Discuss how different food preparation techniques affect the nutritional value of foods. Example: How would a battered, fried chicken breast differ in nutrient composition compared to baking a chicken breast? Would boiling broccoli (versus eating it raw) change the nutrients it contains?

Describe the structures as you follow the transmission of light into the eye starting with the cornea and ending with the retina. Include the two types of humors in the eye.

The characteristics of two types of nephrons and two capillary beds

What is a glucocorticoid hormone and how does it influence the body? How could this influence be a good thing in the short term, but cause problems in the long term?

What are the similarities and differences between the hormonal controls in the male and female reproductive system?

• Urinary System-Urinary Anatomy
• • Compare and contrast the kidney to the lymph node.
  • What are the differences between male and female urinary system anatomy? How does that affect its function?
  • Know the path of blood flow in the kidney. How does the blood flow of the kidney compare to other vasculature we have studied so far?
  • How are the kidneys protected in the body?

How do target cells respond to protein-based versus steroid hormones? Describe using specific examples.

Give examples of three specific diseases caused by hormonal imbalances. Include the endocrine gland, hormone involved, and the characteristics of the disease

A class of rodenticides (commonly referred to as rat poison) work by antagonizing Vitamin K. If a child or animal ingests these rodenticides, would you expect to see normal clotting time, prolonged clotting time, or faster clotting time? Explain.