Question

2. Upper Digestive Tract

(C) Discuss the components of the "mouth" and include one usual abnormal finding

Answer 1

1. PARTS • Lips • Buccal or cheek mucosa • Gums (gingivae) • Retromolar trigone • Hard palate • Oral tongue • Floor of mouth
2. Lips • They form anterior boundary of the oral vestibuIe.
3. Lymphatic Drainage of lips • Lower: – Medial portion of lower lip drains into • submental – lateral portion • submandibular nodes. • Upper: – Preauricular – infraparotid – submandibular
4. BUCCAL OR CHEEK MUCOSA • It lines the inner surface of cheeks and lips • Extends up to – pterygomandibular raphe – Anteriorly, it extends to the meeting line of lips.
5. BUCCAL MUCOSA • Submental • Submandibular
6. Gums (gingivae) • They surround the teeth and cover the upper and lower alveolar ridges.
7. Oral Vestibule Boundaries: 1. Anteriorly - lips 2. Laterally -cheeks 3. Superiorly - Mucolabial Mucobuccal folds 4. Posteriorly &medially by the teeth and gums.
8. Lymphatic Drainage of Gums • Buccal aspect of mucosa – Submental – Submandibular • Lingual aspect of upper alveolus – Upper deep cervical – Lateral retropharyngeal nodes. • Lingual aspect of lower alveolus – Submandibular
9. RETROMOLAR TRIGONE • Triangular area of mucosa covering anterior surface of the ascending ramus of mandible. • Base – Posterior to the last molar while • Apex – Adjacent to the tuberosity of maxilla
10. HARD PALATE • It forms roof of the oral cavity.
11. VENOUS DRAINAGE AND LYMPHATICS
12. ORAL TONGUE • Only anterior 2/3 – – included in the oral cavity. • Posterior 1/3 – Base of tongue is situated behind the circumvallate • Papillae and forms part of the oropharynx. • Oral Tongue is divided into – Tip – lateral borders – Dorsum – Undersurface.
13. BLOOD AND NERVE SUPPLY
14. Tip: • Submental nodes bilaterally & then deep cervical nodes Anterior two third: • Submandibular unilaterally & then deep cervical nodes Posterior third: • Deep cervical nodes (jugulodigastric mainly)
15. FLOOR OF MOUTH • Crescent-shaped area between – Gingivae – Undersurface of tongue • Anterior portion of the floor – Best seen when patient raises the tip of tongue to touch the hard palate. Frenulum and sublingual papillae with openings of submandibular ducts can be eas ily seen. • Lateral portion of floor of mouth – Best seen by displacing the lateral surface of tongue in medial direction with the help of a tongue depressor
16. Floor of Mouth-Lymphatic Drainage • . Anterior portion of floor of mouth –Submandibular nodes. –also cross the midline. • Posterior portion –Upper deep cervical nodes.